海冰电性能研究及其在极地冰雪监测中的应用

发布时间：2018-04-04 20:30

本文选题：海冰　切入点：电性能　出处：《太原理工大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：海冰是在地球两极地结冻的海水,是一种由纯冰晶、卤水、气泡以及其它杂质所组成的复合物质。极地海冰的变化与冰-气-海洋的相互作用有密切的联系,海冰厚度是描述海冰状态最基本、最重要的参数,也是研究气候变化与南北极冰物质平衡的基础,监测南北极海冰的变化,有利于提高我们对气—冰—海相互作用机理的认识,对世界气候的研究有重要的意义。目前,关于极地海冰的冰物质平衡研究中,存在一个共同的缺陷：无法实现对海冰厚度、海冰表面积雪变化的连续自动检测,从而成为影响整个冰情检测预报水平的技术瓶颈。在总结目前各种实际冰层厚度检测方法优缺点基础上,论文在针对本课题组研制成功的电容式冰厚检测系统在现场存在的问题进行分析研究,并通过进行大量的对海冰的电性能深入的实验研究,提出了利用该性质,改进电容感应式海冰厚度测量精度的方法,从而提高海冰IMB浮标在极地冰雪监测中的整体测量精度。论文针对海冰的电性能进行了基础理论的实验研究、曲线数据库、新型传感器IMB系统结构、试验与应用等四个方面的系统研究与论述。根据作者对国内外大量文献资料的调查研究结果显示,目前,国内在海冰电性能方面的研究涉猎很少,国际上的研究成果也没有最终统一。作者通过对人工海冰在低温实验室中施加低频、高频激励下的阻抗、温度变化之间关系的研究,建立海冰温度/阻抗/频率关系数据库,用该数据库做为接触式极地冰雪监测技术的理论依据；利用Maxwell仿真软件,在施加不同频率的电信号时,对海冰的介电常数变化进行仿真,观察不同频率下通电电极附近的散射电场的分布以及强度变化规律,为利用海冰电性能在极地冰雪检测进行了可行性研究；研究了改进后的新型电容式冰厚传感器在冰雪检测中的应用之一——海冰IMB浮标；对IMB浮标的硬件电路和软件部分的设计及每个子电路都进行设计；通过对海冰IMB浮标南北极的实际监测应用,分析了应用的数据,针对实测数据,进行了误差分析。本论文的研究成果可以应用于南北极冰雪自动监测,可提供海冰变化的长期数据,用于海冰物质平衡的研究。该研究成果将引导我们对极地海冰在全球气候变化中的响应和角色有更好的理解,使我国在未来的极地海冰的研究中占有应有的地位。同时也可用于国内北方冬季的输水工程明渠渠道、水库、河道、湖泊的淡水冰生消过程的监测,为北方地区冬季水文自动预报、河流冰凌灾害预报、水电设施安全运行、地质环境监测、冬季道路、航空、海港安全运行、冬季水库水量检测等提供一种新的检测理论与技术实现手段。本论文的研究成果在极地海冰科考、凌汛预警技术、防灾减灾、冬季海航等领域具有重要的理论研究和工程实用价值。
[Abstract]:Sea ice is the frozen sea water at the earth's poles. It is composed of pure ice crystals, brine, bubbles and other impurities.The change of polar sea ice is closely related to the ice-atmosphere-ocean interaction. The thickness of sea ice is the most basic and important parameter to describe the state of sea ice, and it is also the basis of studying the balance between climate change and ice material in the south and north pole.Monitoring the change of sea ice in the north and south is helpful to improve our understanding of the mechanism of the air-ice-sea interaction, and it is of great significance to the study of the world climate.At present, there is a common defect in the study of ice material balance of polar sea ice: the continuous automatic detection of sea ice thickness and snow changes on the surface of sea ice can not be realized, which becomes the technical bottleneck that affects the level of ice condition detection and prediction.On the basis of summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of various practical ice thickness measurement methods, this paper analyzes and studies the problems existing in the field of capacitive ice thickness measurement system developed by our research group.Through a large number of experimental studies on the electrical properties of sea ice, a method of improving the accuracy of capacitive inductive sea ice thickness measurement is put forward to improve the overall measurement accuracy of sea ice IMB buoy in polar ice and snow monitoring.In this paper, the basic theoretical experimental research, curve database, IMB system structure, test and application of sea ice are studied and discussed.According to the author's investigation and research results of a large number of literatures at home and abroad, at present, there is little research on the electrical properties of sea ice in China, and the international research results are not uniform.By studying the relationship between the impedance and temperature change of artificial sea ice under low frequency and high frequency excitation in cryogenic laboratory, the database of sea ice temperature / impedance / frequency relationship is established.The database is used as the theoretical basis of the contact polar ice and snow monitoring technology, and the variation of the dielectric constant of sea ice is simulated by using the Maxwell simulation software when the electric signals of different frequencies are applied.The distribution and intensity of the scattering electric field near the electrode were observed at different frequencies, and the feasibility of using the electric properties of sea ice to detect the ice and snow in polar region was studied.The application of the improved capacitive ice thickness sensor in ice and snow detection, sea ice IMB buoy, the design of the hardware and software of the IMB buoy and the design of each sub-circuit are studied.Through the practical monitoring and application of sea ice IMB buoy, the applied data are analyzed, and the error analysis is carried out for the measured data.The results of this paper can be applied to the automatic monitoring of ice and snow in the Arctic and the South, and can provide long-term data of sea ice change, and can be used to study the material balance of sea ice.The results of this study will lead us to a better understanding of the response and role of polar sea ice in global climate change, and will make our country play an important role in the future study of polar sea ice.At the same time, it can also be used to monitor the process of fresh water ice formation and elimination in open channel, reservoirs, river courses and lakes of water conveyance projects in northern China in winter. It is also useful for winter hydrological automatic forecasting, river ice ice disaster prediction and safe operation of hydropower facilities in northern China.Geological environment monitoring, winter roads, aviation, safe operation of seaports, winter reservoir water detection and so on provide a new detection theory and technical means.The research results of this paper have important theoretical research and engineering practical value in polar sea ice research, ice warning technology, disaster prevention and mitigation, winter HNA and so on.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P731.15

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