2003-2013年北极圈海冰时空变化研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 16:33

本文选题：北极海冰 + 时空变化　；参考：《鲁东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文基于2003-2013年AMSR-E海冰密集度数据从海冰总体特征、海冰密集度变化特征、海冰外缘线面积和海冰面积变化趋势、北极圈一年冰和多年冰冰情以及夏季北极海冰变化五个方面对北极海冰的时空变化展开了研究。结果显示：北极海冰的变化存在明显的区域性、季节性、年际差异性和滞后性。（1）北极海冰总体呈以北极点为中心，海冰密集度向南逐渐减少的趋势。海冰主要分布在80°N以北，且以密集度在95%以上的高密集度海冰为主。若将北极划分为四个区，，研究发现1区的海冰分布范围最广；2区分布众多岛屿，阻碍海冰移动，除巴芬湾和格陵兰海海冰有所变化外，其它海域海冰几乎不存在变化；3区水域开阔，有利于海冰融化、移动，海冰变化明显；4区是被亚洲大陆阻挡的北冰洋地区，夏季陆地吸收热量多，向海洋传输的热量多，海冰融化量最大。若只将北极分成两个区，则太平洋一侧的一区海冰数量和分布范围要始终高于大西洋一侧的二区。虽然各海域的海冰数量不同，变化情况也不同，但总体来说，靠近广阔大陆或与开阔水域相连通的海域海冰变化更加显著。（2）四个季节的海冰密集度、海冰数量、范围及变化趋势存在明显差异：冬季平均海冰密集度最大，春季次之，夏季最小；夏季海冰数量最少，海冰覆盖范围最小；冬季海海冰数量几乎是夏季的两倍，海冰分布也最广；夏季海冰数量、范围的减少速度最快，秋季次之，冬、春季海冰年际变化较小。（3）11年间，2003年、2004年、2005年、2006年、2008年、2009年北极冰情较为严重，海冰数量多，分布广，而2007年、2011年和2012年属于轻冰年，海冰相对较少。2003-2013年海冰面积、海冰外缘线面积分别以每年0.1×106km2、0.11×106km2的速度减少；2003年至2012年北极海冰减少趋势更加明显，面积年均减少0.13×106km2，海冰外缘线面积年均减少0.14×106km2。（4）12个月份中，3月份，是一年中海冰数量最多、海冰范围最大的月份，而9月份中旬海冰面积和海冰外缘线面积都达到最小值。一般来说，北半球气温7月、8月份气温最高，1月、2月气温最低。海冰的最值滞后于气温的最值，海冰变化具有滞后性。（5）北极长期冰主要是80°N以北的密集度高于90%的海冰。每年新增的一年冰数量有0.15×106km2，而多年冰平均逐年减少0.18×106km2。多年冰的减少速度大于一年冰的增长速度，北极海冰总量减少。7月、8月、9月份各个月的海冰范围的变化趋势与夏季的整体变化情况相似。在夏季，9月份海冰范围减少速度最快，8月份最慢。
[Abstract]:Based on the AMSR-E data of sea ice concentration from 2003 to 2013, the characteristics of sea ice density, the variation of sea ice density, the area of the outer edge of sea ice and the change trend of sea ice area are analyzed.The temporal and spatial variations of Arctic sea ice are studied in five aspects, I. e., Arctic ice in one year, ice in many years and Arctic sea ice in summer.The results show that there are obvious regional, seasonal, interannual differences and lag characteristics in the Arctic sea ice.1) the Arctic sea ice is centered at the north pole, and the sea ice density decreases gradually to the south.Sea ice mainly distributes to the north of 80 掳N, and is dominated by high density sea ice whose density is more than 95%.If the Arctic is divided into four regions, the study found that the sea ice distribution in area 1 is the widest and the second area has many islands, which hinders the movement of sea ice, except for the change of sea ice in Baffin Bay and Greenland.There is almost no change in sea ice in other sea areas. The open waters of Zone 3 are conducive to the melting and moving of sea ice. Zone 4 of the sea ice obviously changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is blocked by the Asian continent. In summer, the land absorbs more heat and transmits more heat to the sea.Sea ice melts the most.If the Arctic is divided into two regions, the amount and distribution of sea ice on the Pacific side is always higher than that on the Atlantic side.Although the amount of sea ice is different and the variation is different in different sea areas, the sea ice changes are more significant in the sea near the vast continent or connected to the open waters in general.(2) there are obvious differences in sea ice density, sea ice quantity, range and variation trend in four seasons: winter average sea ice density is the largest, spring is the second, summer is the least, summer sea ice is the least, sea ice cover is the smallest;The amount of sea ice in winter is almost twice as large as that in summer, and the distribution of sea ice is the most extensive, and the decrease rate of sea ice quantity in summer is the fastest, followed by that in autumn, and in winter and spring, the interannual variation of sea ice is relatively small.During the 11-year period, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, the Arctic ice situation was relatively serious, sea ice was abundant and widely distributed, while 2007, 2011 and 2012 were light ice years, and sea ice area was relatively small in 2003-2013,The area of the outer edge of sea ice decreases at the rate of 0. 1 脳 10 ~ 6 km ~ 2 / a 0. 11 脳 106km2 respectively, and the decreasing trend of Arctic sea ice is more obvious from 2003 to 2012, with an average annual decrease of 0. 13 脳 10 ~ 6 km ~ (2) and an average annual decrease of 0. 14 脳 10 ~ (6) km ~ (2).(4) in 12 months and March, the sea ice quantity is the largest and the sea ice range is the largest in the year, and the sea ice area and the outer edge area of the sea ice reach the minimum in mid-September.In general, northern hemisphere temperatures in July and August are highest, January and February are the lowest.The maximum value of sea ice lags behind that of air temperature, and the change of sea ice is lagging behind.5) the Arctic long-term ice is mainly sea ice with a density of more than 90% north of 80 掳N.The annual increase of annual ice amount is 0.15 脳 10 ~ 6 km ~ (2), while the annual average annual decrease is 0.18 脳 10 ~ (6) km ~ (2).The decrease rate of multi-year ice is greater than that of one year, and the total amount of Arctic sea ice decreases. The variation trend of sea ice range in July, August and September is similar to that in summer as a whole.The speed of sea ice reduction in September was the fastest in summer and the slowest in August.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P731.15

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