基于海陆统筹的海岸线管理研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 03:19

本文选题：海岸线 + 海陆统筹　；参考：《厦门大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：海岸线是自然赋予人类的宝贵资源,不仅为经济发展和生活水平提高提供了丰富的资源和空间,而且海岸线生态系统在调节当地水资源及水动力、减轻及减缓气候变化、预防侵蚀、风暴防护和维持空气质量等方面也发挥着重要作用。但是高强度的人类活动导致自然岸线灭失、生境退化等问题日益严重。而目前学术界和管理界关于海岸线、海岸线管理及海岸带管理的理论和实践还存在诸多争论,亟需从理论上理清他们之间的关系,为建立适合我国国情的海岸线管理制度提供决策依据。本论文基于海陆统筹的理念,综合利用海洋科学、环境科学、公共政策学和法律的理论和方法,对海岸带管理的技术与制度进行了系统研究,得出如下研究结论。 1)科学和法律都将海岸线定义为海陆分界线。这条动态、虚拟的线在管理中不具有意义。规划与管理中的海岸线不是一条线,而是一个带,是海洋与陆地相互作用强烈的一个过渡带； 2)海岸线向海和向陆各自延伸一定距离的区域以内的自然环境要素一起构成了完整的海岸线生态系统,缺少陆地或海域其中的任何一部分,都将导致整个生态系统环境资源的损害和破坏。因此,要实现对海岸线自然环境资源的有效保护和合理利用,其前提条件是将海岸线作为一个生态系统相对独立完整的区域,进行综合管理,即实施基于海陆统筹的海岸线管理； 3)我国海岸线管理中存在的问题包括海岸线利用冲突、海岸线利用综合效益较低,浪费、破坏海岸线资源现象较严重、非功能性用海占用过多岸线资源、自然岸线遭到破坏,海岸线人工化程度高、海岸线生态功能和景观遭破坏、海岸线公益空间不足等。产生这些问题的原因包括法律的冲突以及由此导致的管理职能划分不清,部门间协调困难、法律缺失导致海岸线没有被作为一个特殊的区域来进行规划和管理、各地海岸线划定标准不统一以及缺少划分海岸线的技术支撑、对海岸线价值认识不足； 4)实施基于海陆统筹的海岸线管理需要开发海岸线范围确定技术、海岸线总体规划技术、海岸线利用优先顺序确定技术、海岸线自然功能无净损失保证技术以及公众参与技术； 5)为完善我国海岸线管理政策,需要建立海岸线最小区域法定化制度、海岸线使用审批制度、海岸线有偿使用制度、海岸线生态损害补偿与赔偿制度,并制定海岸线规划技术导则。
[Abstract]:The coastline is a valuable resource endowed by nature to mankind. It not only provides abundant resources and space for economic development and the improvement of living standards, but also adjusts local water resources and hydrodynamics and mitigates and mitigates climate change by coastal ecosystems,Prevention of erosion, storm protection and maintenance of air quality also play an important role.However, high-intensity human activities lead to the loss of natural shoreline and habitat degradation.At present, there are still many controversies in the theory and practice of coastline, shoreline management and coastal zone management in academic and management circles. It is urgent to clarify the relationship between them theoretically.It provides the decision basis for establishing the shoreline management system suitable for the national conditions of our country.Based on the concept of land and sea, this paper makes comprehensive use of the theories and methods of marine science, environmental science, public policy and law, and makes a systematic study of coastal zone management technology and system, and draws the following conclusions.1) both science and law define coastlines as land and sea boundaries.This dynamic, virtual line has no meaning in management.The coastline in planning and management is not a line, but a belt, which is a transitional zone where the interaction between ocean and land is strong.2) the elements of the natural environment within the sea and the areas extending to the land at a certain distance together form a complete coastal ecosystem, lacking any part of the land or sea area,Will lead to the entire ecosystem environmental resources damage and destruction.Therefore, in order to realize the effective protection and rational utilization of the natural resources of the coastline, the prerequisite is to take the coastline as a relatively independent and complete region with relatively independent ecosystem for integrated management.That is, the implementation of shoreline management based on the overall planning of land and sea;3) the problems in the management of China's coastline include shoreline utilization conflict, low comprehensive benefit of shoreline utilization, waste, serious destruction of shoreline resources, non-functional use of sea to occupy too many shoreline resources, and destruction of natural shoreline.The artificial degree of coastline is high, the ecological function and landscape of coastline are destroyed, and the public space of shoreline is insufficient.The causes of these problems include the conflict of laws and the resulting unclear division of management functions, the difficulty of inter-sectoral coordination, and the lack of laws resulting in shorelines not being planned and managed as a special area,The standard of shoreline delineation is not uniform and the technical support for shoreline demarcation is lacking and the value of shoreline is not well understood.4) the implementation of shoreline management based on land and sea planning requires the development of shoreline scope determination technology, shoreline master planning technology, shoreline utilization priority determination technology, shoreline natural function no-net loss assurance technology and public participation technology;5) in order to perfect the policy of shoreline management, it is necessary to establish the legal system of the minimum area of the coastline, the system of examination and approval of the use of the coastline, the system of compensated use of the coastline, the system of compensation and compensation for ecological damage of the coastline.And to formulate technical guidelines for shoreline planning.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P748

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