中国大陆海岸线及海岸工程时空变化研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 11:28

本文选题：海岸线 + 海岸工程　；参考：《中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：获得不同时期的海岸线信息是海岸带管理的基础工作,海岸线信息的提取与海岸线变化的监测对海岸资源管理、海岸环境保护、海岸可持续发展以及合理规划起到至关重要的作用。本文旨在分析改革开放以来的中国大陆海岸线与海岸工程的时空变化特征。利用Landsat MSS、TM、ETM+和O LI多时相遥感影像,提取了1980年、1990年、2000年、2010年和2015年共5期中国大陆海岸线。综合运用遥感与GIS技术,从海岸线类型分布特征、长度、形态、空间变迁等方面系统分析了近35年中国大陆海岸线的时空变化规律。改进区域海岸线开发利用负荷度指数,结合海岸线类型变化、岸线摆动区域土地利用变化,对近35年中国大陆海岸开发利用状况进行系统分析。然后在对沿海地区养殖用海、盐田用海和港口码头时空变化分析的基础上,利用社会经济统计数据并结合典型区分析海岸线变迁的成因。主要结论如下:(1)1980-2015年,中国大陆海岸线长度持续增加,变化强度逐渐增大。海岸线类型转化频繁,人工岸线剧增,自然岸线锐减。(2)中国大陆海岸线的变迁呈现显著的时空差异。从时间过程看,2000年以后海岸线长度进入快速增长时期;从区域范围看,辽东湾北部、渤海湾-黄河口-莱州湾南岸、江苏南部-长江口-杭州湾南岸、珠江口岸段海岸线的变迁最显著。(3)海岸线分形维数逐渐增大,岸线形状趋于复杂,其变化趋势与海岸线长度变化一致。(4)中国大陆海岸线整体向海推进,人为海岸开发修筑的海岸工程是导致岸线变化的主导因素。(5)中国大陆海岸线多为未开发岸线,其次为重度开发岸线。自1990年以来,中国大陆岸线开发利用负荷度逐渐升高。区域性差异显著,以杭州湾为界,以北区域的海岸开发利用负荷度高于南方。(6)1980-2015年,养殖用海、盐田用海和港口码头的变化呈现显著时间差异。2000年之前海岸开发以围垦养殖、盐田为主;2000年之后,港口码头进入高速发展的阶段,同时存在一定的盲目性和建设超前的问题。论文创新点:1)基于全国尺度和长时间序列的海岸线类型信息提取及岸线变迁分析。2)改进区域海岸线开发利用负荷度指数,结合海岸线类型变化、岸线摆动区域土地利用变化,对近35年中国大陆海岸线资源的开发利用状况进行系统分析。3)从单一海岸工程角度,结合社会经济数据,分析海岸开发时空变化特征及其对海岸线变化的影响。
[Abstract]:Obtaining shoreline information in different periods is the basic work of coastal zone management. The extraction of shoreline information and the monitoring of shoreline changes have great influence on coastal resource management and coastal environmental protection. Coastal sustainable development and rational planning play a vital role. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of coastline and coastal engineering in mainland China since the reform and opening up. In this paper, five periods of coastline of China mainland were extracted from the multitemporal remote sensing images of Landsat MSSMA-TMETM and Oli in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015. Based on remote sensing and GIS techniques, the temporal and spatial variation of the coastline in China in recent 35 years is analyzed systematically from the aspects of the distribution characteristics, length, morphology and spatial changes of the coastline. By improving the development and utilization load index of the regional shoreline, combining the changes of the shoreline type and the land use change of the swinging shoreline area, this paper makes a systematic analysis of the coastal development and utilization situation in the mainland of China in the past 35 years. Then on the basis of the analysis of temporal and spatial variation of mariculture, salt field and port wharf in coastal areas, the causes of shoreline changes are analyzed by using social and economic statistics data and combining with typical areas. The main conclusions are as follows: from 1980 to 2015, the length of Chinese mainland coastline increased and the variation intensity increased. The types of shoreline changed frequently, artificial shoreline increased sharply, and natural shoreline decreased sharply. 2) the changes of Chinese mainland coastline showed significant temporal and spatial differences. From the point of view of time process, the length of coastline has entered a period of rapid growth after 2000. In the area of northern Liaodong Bay, the southern coast of Bohai Bay, Yellow River Estuary and Laizhou Bay, and the south coast of Jiangsu Province to Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay, The changes of the coastline in the Pearl River Port Section are the most significant. (3) the fractal dimension of the coastline gradually increases, the shape of the shoreline tends to be complex, and the variation trend is consistent with the change of the length of the coastline. 4) the coastline of the mainland of China is advancing towards the sea as a whole. Coastal engineering for artificial coastal development and construction is the leading factor leading to the change of shoreline. (5) the coastline of China mainland is mostly undeveloped shoreline, followed by heavy developed shoreline. Since 1990, the development and utilization load of the coast line in China has gradually increased. The regional difference is significant, with Hangzhou Bay as the boundary, and the coastal development and utilization load in the north area is higher than that in the south from 1980 to 2015. The changes of the mariculture sea, the salt field sea and the port wharf show significant time differences. After 2000, the port wharf has entered the stage of high speed development, at the same time, there are some problems of blindness and ahead of construction. Innovation point: 1) based on the analysis of shoreline type information and shoreline changes in national scale and long time series, the paper improves the development and utilization load index of regional shoreline, combining with the change of shoreline type, land use change in swinging area of shoreline. This paper makes a systematic analysis of the exploitation and utilization of coastal resources in the mainland of China in recent 35 years. 3) from the point of view of single coastal engineering and social and economic data, the characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of coastal development and its influence on shoreline changes are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P737.1;P753

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