多参数海洋浮标监测系统研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 14:04

本文选题：海洋浮标 + 监测系统　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着科学发展和社会进步,人们对海洋开发使用的力度逐步加强,尤其是近岸部分海域污染比较严重,对海洋有效监测显得格外重要。海洋浮标作为海洋监测的主要手段,以其可靠性高、稳定性好、相对高效的优势,广泛应用于海洋水文和气象数据的采集当中。近海海域主要利用3米小型浮标进行监测。目前在位运行的传统海洋浮标普遍存在易偷盗、易腐蚀、产品质量不高、需定期换电池等问题,一定程度影响其正常工作。本文借助上海科委科技创新行动计划”基础研究重点项目,北极海洋观测浮标故障机理以及服役安全性研究(11JC1404700),以我国近海3米海洋监测浮标为基础,对其进行优化设计,以构建一个近海海洋监测浮标系统,并利用我国独立设计的北斗卫星将数据传输到岸站接收系统,为我国近海的海洋监测事业做出一定的贡献。小型多参数海洋浮标监测系统,主要包含四大部分:海洋浮标基础硬件(浮标标体,锚泊系统,防护设备,传感器,供电系统),数据采集系统,通信系统,岸站接收系统。在硬件系统的标体设计上,考虑了防腐性能和搭载设备的合理配置,并利用ANSYS软件的AQWA对浮标常见的三种浮体进行水动力分析,通过比较其横摇响应和纵摇响应的数值,选出更适合近海海洋环境的类半球型浮体;在供电设备的基础上,除了传统的蓄电池和太阳能板发电以外,利用技术成熟的可再生绿色能源——风能和波浪能组合发电,为提高波浪能发电效率,利用Fluent仿真软件分析设计了一款波浪能发电装置导流罩,延长了浮标工作寿命。在数据采集系统的设计上,选用低功耗、高精度的CR1000数据采集器并针对本文设计的浮标在对外接口上进行设计。在数据通信系统的设计上,选用可靠性高、保密性强的北斗卫星实现采集数据的通信和授时功能,并采用北斗卫星和全球定位系统组合定位保障浮标的定位精度的准确性。北斗卫星通信终端通过串口与接收系统进行连接。在软件系统的设计上,选用操作灵活,可视性好,通用性强的LabVIEW软件进行系统开发,经由VISA控件实现与北斗终端的数据通信,实现对海洋要素的监测和浮标的状态监控、数据查询、超限报警等功能。经NI-DAQmx软件产生数据进行测试,验证了LabVIEW接收软件能很好的对多传感器数据进行同步显示、设置和保存、报警等功能。本文所设计研究的小型多参数海洋浮标监测系统,提高了其防腐性能、延长其工作时间,并在标体设计和各硬件选型设计上更加符合近海海域的工作要求,相对于目前现有的小型海洋浮标具有更大优势,希望为我国相关海洋监测部门提供一定的参考和帮助。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and the progress of society, the intensity of marine exploitation and use has been strengthened gradually, especially the pollution in the coastal area is serious, so it is very important to monitor the ocean effectively. As the main means of ocean monitoring, ocean buoys are widely used in the collection of marine hydrological and meteorological data due to their advantages of high reliability, good stability and relatively high efficiency. The offshore sea area mainly uses 3 meters small buoy to carry on the monitoring. At present, there are some problems in the traditional marine buoys which are easy to steal, easy to corrode, the quality of products is not high, and the batteries need to be changed regularly, which affects the normal operation of the buoys to a certain extent. In this paper, based on the key basic research project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission's Action Plan for Scientific and technological Innovation, the failure mechanism and service safety of Arctic ocean observation buoy 11JC1404700, the optimized design of the buoy is carried out on the basis of the 3-meter offshore marine monitoring buoy in China. In order to construct an offshore ocean monitoring buoy system and transmit the data to the shore station receiving system by using the Beidou satellite which is designed independently in our country, this paper makes a certain contribution to the offshore ocean monitoring of our country. The small multi-parameter marine buoy monitoring system mainly includes four parts: the basic hardware of ocean buoy (buoy body, mooring system, protective equipment, sensor, power supply system, data acquisition system, communication system, shore station receiving system). In the design of the hardware system, the anticorrosion performance and the reasonable configuration of the loading equipment are considered, and the hydrodynamic analysis of the three kinds of floating bodies common in the buoy is carried out by using the AQWA of ANSYS software, and the rolling response and the pitching response of the floating body are compared. Select hemispherical floating bodies that are more suitable for offshore marine environments; on the basis of power supply equipment, in addition to traditional batteries and solar panels, use a combination of wind and wave energy, a renewable green energy source with mature technology, to generate electricity. In order to improve the efficiency of wave energy generation, a guide cover of wave energy generating device is designed by using Fluent simulation software, which prolongs the working life of buoy. In the design of the data acquisition system, the CR1000 data collector with low power consumption and high precision is selected, and the buoy designed in this paper is designed on the external interface. In the design of data communication system, Beidou satellite, which has high reliability and high security, is used to realize the communication and timing function of collecting data, and the combination of Beidou satellite and global positioning system is used to ensure the accuracy of buoy positioning. Beidou satellite communication terminal is connected with the receiving system through serial port. In the design of software system, LabVIEW software with flexible operation, good visibility and strong versatility is selected to develop the system. The data communication with Beidou terminal is realized through VISA control, and the monitoring of ocean elements and the state of buoy are realized. Data query, over-limit alarm and other functions. By testing the data generated by NI-DAQmx software, it is verified that the LabVIEW receiving software can display, set and save the multi-sensor data synchronously, alarm and so on. The small multi-parameter marine buoy monitoring system designed in this paper improves its anticorrosion performance, prolongs its working time, and meets the requirements of offshore waters more in the design of standard body and the selection of hardware. Compared with the existing small marine buoys, it has more advantages, and hopes to provide some reference and help for the relevant marine monitoring departments in China.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P715.2

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