近30年南海周边国家海岸线时空变化研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 11:18

本文选题：南海 + 海岸线　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：海岸线系指多年大潮平均高潮位时海洋与陆地的分界线,蕴含着丰富的地理与环境信息。因此,关于海岸线长度、海岸类型、空间分布及时域变化特征的研究与分析,对沿海滩涂及近岸海洋生态环境都有着重要的指示作用。本文以南海周边9个国家相关岸段为研究区域,利用遥感和地理信息系统技术,先后提取了2010年、2000年、1990年和1980年前后四期南海周边海岸线,就南海周边国家近30年海岸线时空变化特征进行了详细论述。研究结论如下:1)近30年,南海周边国家海岸线在人为开发和海陆相互作用的综合影响下,海岸线长度动态变化显著:在1:100000地图比例尺下,1980年、1990年、2000年和2010年南海周边海岸线长度分别为28835km、28445km、29355km和29247km,30年间总共增长了412km,总体呈增长趋势;2)研究区海岸类型空间分布主要以砂质岸线最多,约占整个岸线的30%,人工岸线所占比例从1980年的6.36%上升到了22.90%,每10年均增加1618km,自然岸线都呈减少趋势,生物岸线减少了5.74%、基岩岸线减少了4.77%、粉砂淤泥质岸线减少了3.88%、砂质岸线减少了2.15%。3)南海周边海岸线受人类开发作用显著,其空间位置整体以向海推进趋势为主,显著变化岸段主要集中在中国珠江口段、越南红河口段、新加坡段及菲律宾马尼拉湾段等岸段,平均推进速度为11.69m/a;部分区域空间位置呈向陆后退趋势,显著变化岸段主要集中在越南中北部及湄公河口段、泰国曼谷湾段及印度尼西亚西北段等岸段,平均后退速度为4.60m/a。4)近30年,是南海周边地区发展迅速的30年,海岸线变化区域特征显著。其中,新加坡海岸开发强度最高,主要以港口码头建设为主;南海中的中国海岸开发主要集中在前期,主要以围垦农田和围垦养殖为主,中、后期开发强度有所减缓,港口码头建设和城镇建设比例上升,海岸开发呈现多元化发展;其他国家除一些典型的重点开发岸段外,整体上尚未进入大规模凸向海的围堤开发阶段。5)中国珠江口段、越南红河口段、泰国曼谷湾段、新加坡段及菲律宾马尼拉湾段,是南海周边近30年海岸线空间位置变化最为显著的5个岸段:(1)上述岸段由于海岸线变化致使陆地面积净增加1157.4km2,其主要原因是各岸段不同程度的围填海工程造成的,而由于海岸侵蚀作用致使陆地面积损失约92.1km2。(2)上述5个典型岸段在前、中、后三个十年间,海岸开发时空异质性显著。其中,中国珠江口段前期海岸开发方式主要为围垦农田和围垦养殖,中、后期港口码头建设和城镇建设比例上升;越南红河口段前期海岸开发主要以围垦农田为主,中、后期则以围垦养殖为主;围垦养殖一直是泰国曼谷湾段海岸开发的主要方式,中、后期城镇建设比例有所加强;新加坡段海岸开发方式主要以港口码头建设为主,城镇建设为辅;围垦养殖和港口码头建设是菲律宾马尼拉湾海岸开发的主要方式。南海是我国最重要的海域之一,也是我国与世界各地相互联系的重要海上通道。对于南海周边海岸线时空变化特征的研究,有助于推动南海周边海岸带遥感的应用与发展,有助于南海周边国家海岸类型地质构造及地形地貌特征的认识,同时为国家寻求科学、合理地海岸资源管理与开发策略提供参考。
[Abstract]:The coastline refers to the boundary between the ocean and the land in the average high tide of the great tide, and contains abundant geographic and environmental information. Therefore, the study and analysis of the length of the coastline, the type of the coast, the spatial distribution and the change of the time domain have an important directive function on the coastal beach and the coastal marine ecological environment. By using remote sensing and geographic information system technology, the coastal lines of the South China Sea in 2010, 2000, 1990 and 1980 have been extracted by remote sensing and geographic information system technology. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the coastal lines in the surrounding countries around the South China Sea were discussed in detail. The conclusions are as follows: 1) the coastal lines around the South China Sea near the South China Sea for nearly 30 years. Under the synthetic influence of human exploitation and sea land interaction, the coastline length has a significant dynamic change: in 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010, the length of the coastline of the South China Sea is 28835km, 28445km, 29355km and 29247km in the scale of 1:100000 map. The total growth trend of the coastline in the South China Sea was increased in 30 years, and the overall growth trend was increased; 2) the coastal type of the study area was empty. The main distribution is the sandy shoreline, which accounts for about 30% of the whole coastline. The proportion of artificial coastline rises from 6.36% in 1980 to 22.90%, increasing 1618km in every 10 year, the natural coastline is decreasing, the biologic coastline is reduced by 5.74%, the bedrock coastline is reduced by 4.77%, the silt silt shoreline is reduced by 3.88%, the sandy shoreline is reduced by 2.15%.3). The coastal coastline of the South China Sea is greatly affected by human development, and its spatial position is dominated by the trend of advancing to the sea. The significant changes are mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Estuary of China, the red estuary of Vietnam, the Singapore section and the Manila Bay section of Philippines, the average propulsion speed is 11.69m /a, and the spatial position of some regions shows a trend of land retreat. The changing bank is mainly concentrated in North Central Vietnam and the Mekong estuary, the Bangkok Bay section of Thailand and the northwest section of Indonesia, the average back rate is 4.60m/a.4) for nearly 30 years. It is the rapid development of the surrounding areas of the South China Sea for 30 years, and the characteristics of the coastline change are remarkable. The development of the China coast in the South China Sea is mainly concentrated in the early stage, mainly by reclamation and reclamation, in the middle, the development intensity of the latter is slowed down, the construction of port wharves and the proportion of urban construction are rising, and the development of coastal development is diversified. .5, the Pearl River mouth section of China, the Vietnam Red estuary, the Bangkok Bay section of Thailand, the Singapore section and the Manila Bay section of Philippines, are the 5 most significant changes in the spatial location of the coastline in the near 30 years of the South China Sea. (1) the above shore section caused a net increase of 1157.4km2 on the land area due to the change of the coastline. Because of the different extent of coastal reclamation, the loss of land area caused by coastal erosion resulted in the loss of land area about 92.1km2. (2) of the above 5 typical banks in the former, middle, and the later three ten years, the coastal development of space-time heterogeneity is significant. The proportion of port wharf construction and urban construction is rising in the stage of port construction and urban construction, and in the early stage of Vietnam Red River Estuary, the main area of coastal development is reclaimed farmland, while reclamation is the main way in the later period, and reclamation is the main way of coastal development in Bangkok Bay section of Thailand. The construction of port wharf is the main part, town construction is supplemented, reclamation and port construction are the main ways of developing the coast of Manila Bay in Philippines. The South China Sea is one of the most important sea areas in China, and also an important sea channel interconnected with the world. The study on the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the Zhou Bianhai coastline in the South China Sea is helpful to promote The application and development of remote sensing on the coastal zone of the South China Sea will help to understand the geological structure of coastal types and the features of topography and geomorphology in the surrounding countries of the South China Sea, and provide a reference for the country to seek scientific and reasonable coastal resources management and development strategies.

【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P737.1

【相似文献】