海洋环境溶存气体气液分离关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 04:38

本文选题：溶存气体 + 原位探测　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪70年代，深海热泉生物群落的发现揭开了人类探索和研究深海流体及其相关领域的序幕。深海热液、冷泉及其相关领域迅速成为国际前沿研究热点。随着热液硫化物矿藏、天然气水合物矿藏和冷泉自生碳酸盐沉淀现象的相继发现，人们认识到了深海流体具有的巨大经济价值和潜在的全球气候影响因素。这就使得深海流体系统更加的引人关注。研究深海流体系统有着多种多样的方法，但包括拖曳在内的传统方法有着其不可避免的弊端，海底原位探测开始受到科学家们的普遍青睐。由于深海流体中富含溶解态的甲烷、二氧化碳，分析这两种气体在深海的浓度和分布将非常有助于科学家对深海热液、冷泉、深海油气勘探等方面的研究。于是，甲烷和二氧化碳就成为了深海原位探测的一项重要指标。然而，常用的探测方法都需要将两种气体从海水中分离出来，针对这个情况，本文提出了使用真空脱气提取海水溶存气体的方法，设计了一套适用于深海原位溶存甲烷、二氧化碳长期连续观测需求的气液分离系统。该技术可集成于光谱类、电化学类水下探测系统，为其提供更为精确的目标检测物，实现气体含量的定量反演。本文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：（1）第一部分主要介绍了对海水中溶存气体研究现状，，分析了几款目前常用的传感器和探测系统；分析了海水中溶存甲烷、二氧化碳的主要成因和来源；阐述了探测和研究海底溶存甲烷、二氧化碳含量和分布的意义；介绍了现有脱气方法及其优缺点。（2）第二部分主要介绍了本文所设计的气液分离装置所涉及的原理——真空脱气原理和探测甲烷、二氧化碳所涉及的原理——红外探测原理。（3）第三部分详细介绍了系统的搭建思路，主要结构及工作流程；各个器件的工作原理和性能指标；硬件电路的搭建和软件编写的思路。对部分关键模块进行了简单的测试和实验，并对实验结果进行了分析。通过对系统主要功能模块的初步实验，和对实验结果进行分析后，认为该系统可以达到设计目的，并且为以后的工作奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:In the 1970s, the discovery of deep-sea hot spring biota opened the prelude to the exploration and study of deep-sea fluids and their related fields. Deep-sea hydrothermal, cold-spring and its related fields have rapidly become the international frontier research hotspot. With the discovery of hydrothermal sulphide deposits gas hydrate deposits and cold spring authigenic carbonate deposits it is recognized that deep-sea fluids have great economic value and potential global climate impact factors. This makes the deep-sea fluid system more interesting. There are a variety of methods to study deep-sea fluid systems, but the traditional methods, including towing, have their inevitable disadvantages. Because the deep-sea fluid is rich in dissolved methane and carbon dioxide, the analysis of the concentration and distribution of these two gases in the deep sea will be very helpful to the research of deep-sea hydrothermal solution, cold spring and deep-sea oil and gas exploration. As a result, methane and carbon dioxide have become an important indicator of deep-sea in situ detection. However, two kinds of gases need to be separated from seawater in common detection methods. In view of this situation, a method of extracting dissolved gas from seawater by vacuum degassing is proposed, and a set of methods suitable for in situ methane storage in deep sea is designed. Gas-liquid separation system for long-term continuous observation of carbon dioxide. This technique can be integrated into spectral and electrochemical underwater detection systems to provide a more accurate target detector and achieve quantitative inversion of gas content. The main work of this paper includes the following aspects: The first part mainly introduces the research status of dissolved gases in seawater, analyzes several commonly used sensors and detection systems, analyzes the main causes and sources of dissolved methane and carbon dioxide in seawater. The significance of detecting and studying the content and distribution of methane, carbon dioxide, and the advantages and disadvantages of existing degassing methods are described. In the second part, the principle of vacuum degassing and the principle of methane detection and carbon dioxide detection are introduced. The third part introduces the idea of the system in detail, the main structure and working flow, the working principle and performance index of each device, the construction of hardware circuit and the train of thought of software programming. Some key modules are tested and tested, and the experimental results are analyzed. Through the preliminary experiments of the main functional modules of the system and the analysis of the experimental results, it is considered that the system can achieve the purpose of design and lay a foundation for the future work.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P714

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