海洋自由立管重入井的运动策略优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 02:28

本文选题：海洋自由立管 + 立管重入井　；参考：《上海交通大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：随着人类社会的快速发展和进步，社会对于自然资源和能源的依赖日益显著，特别是对工业基础能源——石油与天然气的消耗更加巨大。石油天然气为非可再生资源，随着陆上原油与燃气资源的过度开采和浅海油气的迅速枯竭，深海油气的开发已经成为人类社会再次获取大量宝贵油气资源的必要手段和必经之路。我国深海海洋油气资源勘探和开采整体处于初期阶段，但是海洋油气资源产业基础非常庞大且潜力较强，将是未来我国能源产业发展的战略重点。在海洋油气勘探和开采工程作业中，尤其是针对深水资源的开发，海洋钻井平台的架设、海底钻井和立管安装均需要较高水平工程技术和安装工艺，同时作业难度极高、工程风险性较大，投资与工程耗时比例很高。本文所研究的自由状态钻井立管的重入井安装对于深水油气资源开发而言非常重要，但是该工艺流程异常复杂、工程实施难度较大且风险性很高，容易遭受海况和气候变化的影响。国内外很多学者针对钻井立管的重入井过程开展了研究工作，建立了针对不同工况的多种水动力学仿真模型和对应的控制方法，如沿立管轴向加装推进器、根据工程经验调整控制参数或采用PID反馈控制策略等。以上方法由于诸多实际工程限制因素无法普遍应用，没有非常强的实际工程意义和应用。因此，为能够优化钻井立管在重入井中的运动和型态变化，特别是抑制立管底部自由端的晃荡，提高重入井作业效率和减少工程耗时与风险，本文拟开展相关的立管模型和运动策略优化研究：本文对自由状态的深海立管进行详细的水动力学建模分析并进行了对比验证；同时为使得自由立管重入井过程更加高效、便捷的完成，且降低工程作业的风险，研究中以自由立管动力学响应仿真分析结果为基础，通过搜索优化的方法寻找最佳的立管重入井运动策略，着重于抑制立管底部自由端的晃动运动。在具体研究内容上，本文针对自由钻井的重入井，首先建立了适用于自由深海钻井立管的水动力学模型，可对钻井立管的重入井安装过程进行数值仿真分析。作者以非线性Euler-Bernoulli梁力学模型为基础建立自由状态深海立管的连续微元体水动力学模型，采用有限差分法(FDA)对模型方程组进行化简，，通过牛顿迭代法进行数值求解，对钻井立管的重入井安装作业过程进行时域分析，预测在顶端运动策略控制下自由立管的型态、位移、张力等参数沿时间的变化。其次在该模型的基础上，将在立管动力学响应特性的计算结果应用于立管重入井的运动策略研究中，对重入井中的立管运动优化。本文对基本蚁群优化算法进行了多方面改进，以离散化的立管顶端运动加速度为对象进行搜索优化，使得深海自由立管的重入井安装在优化的运动策略下更加便捷和高效。优化自由立管重入井运动的研究工作包括多项内容，如自由立管无晃移动、自由端晃动抑制和入井自适应控制等；本文着重研究抑制钻井立管自由端晃动的顶端优化策略，以优化运动策略对立管晃动的抑制验证了本文采用的改进型蚁群算法对立管重入井运动的优化效果，并通过实验结果的对比验证了优化运动策略对立管自由端晃动与振荡的抑制作用。本文针对自由钻井立管重入井安装的研究工作在国内海洋工程研究领域具有一定的创新性和探索性，其中采用连续微元体基础模型对底端自由无约束的深水钻井立管进行建模，可针对性的仿真预测钻井立管在重入井过程中的动力学响应特性。其次，本文改进了基本蚁群优化算法使其可以用于优化立管顶端运动策略，并且优化后的运动策略经过实验验证可应用于钻井立管重入井的实际工程作业中；相比于其它学者所做的立管重入井研究工作，本文优化的仅为立管顶端运动策略，控制方式更加简单方便，在实际工程作业中更切实可行，同时可以使深海自由立管重入井安装更加便捷、高效和安全，特别是在抑制立管底部自由端的晃动和振荡的工程应用中有明显的效果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development and progress of human society, society is increasingly dependent on natural resources and energy, especially the consumption of industrial basic energy, oil and natural gas. Oil and natural gas are non renewable resources. With the overexploitation of land oil and gas resources and the rapid depletion of oil and gas in the shallow sea, the oil and gas are depleted, and the oil and gas are exhausted. The development of gas has become the necessary means and the necessary way for the human society to obtain a large amount of precious oil and gas resources again. The exploration and exploitation of the deep-sea marine oil and gas resources in our country is in the initial stage, but the industrial base of the marine oil and gas resources is very large and has a strong potential, which will be the strategic focus of the development of our energy industry in the future.
In marine oil and gas exploration and mining engineering, especially for the development of deep water resources, the erection of offshore drilling platforms, seabed drilling and erection of risers all need high level engineering technology and installation technology. At the same time, the operation is very difficult, the engineering risk is great, the time of investment and engineering is very high. The free state of this paper is studied. The installation of rig rig reentry well is very important for the development of deep water oil and gas resources. However, the process is very complicated, the project is difficult to implement and has high risk. It is easy to suffer from the influence of sea condition and climate change.
Many scholars at home and abroad have studied the process of drilling rig reentry well, and established various hydrodynamic simulation models and corresponding control methods for different working conditions, such as loading the propeller along the vertical pipe axially, adjusting the control parameters according to the engineering experience or adopting the PID back control strategy. The above methods are due to many practical conditions. In order to optimize the movement and pattern of the drilling rig in reentry wells, especially to suppress the sloshing of the free end of the riser at the bottom of the riser, improve the operation efficiency of the reentry well and reduce the time and risk of the project, the relevant riser model is proposed in this paper. Research on the optimization of the motion strategy: This paper makes a detailed hydrodynamic modeling analysis on the free state of the deep-sea riser and contrasts it. At the same time, in order to make the free riser reentry well more efficient and convenient to complete, and reduce the risk of the engineering work, the research is based on the results of the simulation analysis of the dynamic response of the riser. Based on the search optimization method, we find the best riser movement strategy, and focus on suppressing the sway motion of the free end of the riser.
On the specific research content, this paper first establishes a hydrodynamic model for the free deep drilling rig, which can be used for numerical simulation analysis of the installation process of the reentry well in the drilling riser. Based on the nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam mechanics model, the author establishes the continuous micro of the free state deep-sea riser. The finite difference method (FDA) is used to simplify the model equations. The numerical solution is carried out by the Newton iteration method. The time domain analysis is carried out on the installation process of the drilling rig reentry well, and the changes of the type, displacement, tension and other parameters of the free riser under the control of the top motion strategy are predicted. On the basis of the model, the calculation results of the dynamic response characteristics of the riser are applied to the study of the motion strategy of the riser reentry well, and the optimization of the riser motion in the reentrant well is optimized. In this paper, the basic ant colony optimization algorithm is improved in many aspects, and the search optimization is carried out with the velocity of the discrete riser at the top of the riser, making the deep sea free. The reentry well of the riser is more convenient and efficient under the optimized motion strategy. The research work on optimizing the movement of the free riser reentry well includes a number of contents, such as the free riser movement, the free end sloshing suppression and the adaptive control of the well entry. This paper focuses on the top optimization strategy of the free end sloshing of the riser. The suppression of the antagonistic tube sloshing of the moving strategy verifies the optimization effect of the improved ant colony algorithm, which is used in this paper, and proves the inhibition effect of the free end sloshing and oscillation of the optimal motion strategy through the comparison of the experimental results.
In this paper, the research on the installation of free drilling rig rig reentry well has a certain innovation and exploration in the field of domestic marine engineering research, in which the continuous microelement foundation model is used to model the free and unrestrained deep water drilling rig in the bottom end, and the dynamic simulation of the dynamics of the pretest rig riser in the reentry well Secondly, the basic ant colony optimization algorithm is improved in this paper, which can be used to optimize the top motion strategy of the riser, and the optimized motion strategy can be applied to the actual engineering operation of the drilling rig reentry well after the experiment. Compared with the research work of the rig reentry well done by other scholars, the optimization is only established in this paper. The control mode at the top of the tube is more simple and convenient, and it is more practical in practical engineering. At the same time, it can make the deep-sea free riser reentry well installation more convenient, efficient and safe, especially in the engineering application of restraining the sloshing and oscillation of the free end of the bottom of the riser.

【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P756.2

【参考文献】