深圳西部海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃和多氯联苯的污染特征及来源初探

发布时间：2018-05-19 14:21

本文选题：多环芳烃 + 多氯联苯　；参考：《广东海洋大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：多环芳烃(PAHs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)是两种典型的持久性有机污染物,由于对环境和生物健康具有严重的危害作用而受到各国法律法规的管制。深圳西部海域是我国污染较严重的海域之一,而关于其海域环境中PAHs和PCBs的污染现状却鲜少报道,因此论文以深圳西部海域为研究区域,共采集了76个表层沉积物样品,首次全面地调查了深圳西部入海河流、深圳湾、月亮湾及珠江口深圳海域表层沉积物中15种优控PAHs和7种指示性PCBs的含量分布,探讨了其组成特征、污染来源及潜在生态风险,可以为深圳市政府和相关部门进行陆源污染物输入管理和制定海洋环境保护等相关政策提供数据参考。论文的主要研究结论如下:1.深圳西部入海河流、深圳湾、月亮湾及珠江口深圳海域表层沉积物中15种总PAHs的平均含量分别为706.2ng/g、498.90 ng/g、733.54 ng/g和212.12 ng/g,与国内外其他区域相比,污染水平中等偏下,但4~6环高分子量PAHs占比较高;沉积物中总有机碳(TOC)和石油类含量与总PAHs含量具有显著相关性(R分别为0.667、0.566,p0.01),TOC和石油类含量是影响沉积物中PAHs分布的重要因素。2.通过特征分子比值法初步解析PAHs的来源,结果表明深圳西部海域表层沉积物中的PAHs均为石油源和木柴、煤、燃油燃烧的混合来源,且以燃烧源为主。3.利用效应区间低中值法和Ba P毒性当量法对深圳西部海域表层沉积物中的PAHs进行风险评价,结果表明苯并[b]荧蒽(Bb F)、苯并[k]荧蒽(Bk F)、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘(IcdP)和苯并[g,h,i]傒(BghiP)这些高分子量PAHs在各站位均有检出,会对生物产生严重的毒害作用;个别站位的苊(Ace)、芴(Flu)及菲(Phe)含量介于效应区间低值(ERL)和效应区间中值(ERM)之间,可能会对生物产生毒副作用,其余组分在各站位的含量均低于ERL值,对生物几乎无毒副作用或毒副作用不明显;从毒性当量角度来看,月亮湾的潜在生态风险最高,入海河流次之,海域最低,二苯并[a,h]蒽(DahA)、苯并[a]芘(BaP)和苯并[b]荧蒽(Bb F)是沉积物生态风险的主要来源。4.深圳西部入海河流、深圳湾、月亮湾及珠江口深圳海域表层沉积物中7种总PCBs的平均含量分别为610pg/g、1035 pg/g、1017 pg/g和350 pg/g,与国内外其他区域相比,污染水平偏低,以3Cl CBs和6Cl CBs为主;沉积物中TOC含量与总PCBs含量具有显著相关性(R=0.569,p0.01),TOC含量是影响沉积相中PCBs分布的重要因素。5.通过对比工商业产品和现代人为活动产生的PCBs组成,初步判断低氯代PCBs(3Cl~5Cl)主要来自工商业产品,高氯代PCBs(6Cl~7Cl)主要来自于现代人为活动。除个别站位外,深圳西部海域表层沉积物中的PCBs均为工业商品和人为活动的混合来源,部分站位以工业商品来源为主,部分站位以人为活动来源为主。6.利用效应区间低中值法和加拿大沉积物质量标准法对深圳西部海域表层沉积物中的PCBs进行生态风险评价,结果表明:各站位沉积物中的总PCBs含量均低于效应区间低值ERL(22.7ng/g)和临时质量基准值ISQG(21.6ng/g),对生物几乎无毒副作用。
[Abstract]:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are two typical persistent organic pollutants. Due to their serious harm to environment and biological health, they are regulated by laws and regulations in various countries. The sea area in Western Shenzhen is one of the most polluted waters in China. However, the pollution status of PAHs and PCBs in its marine environment is rarely reported. Therefore, 76 surface sediment samples were collected from the western Shenzhen sea area, and the content distribution of 15 optimal control PAHs and 7 indicative PCBs in the surface sediments of Western Shenzhen River, Shenzhen Bay, Yue Liang Bay and Shenzhen sea area of the Pearl River Estuary were investigated for the first time. The characteristics, source and potential of the pollution were discussed. The main conclusions of the paper are as follows: 1. the average content of 15 total PAHs in the surface sediments of the western Shenzhen River, the Shenzhen Bay, the Shenzhen Bay and the Shenzhen Sea region of the Pearl River estuary. Don't be 706.2ng/g, 498.90 ng/g, 733.54 ng/g and 212.12 ng/g, and the pollution level is moderate to the other regions at home and abroad, but the high molecular weight PAHs of 4~6 ring is higher; the total organic carbon (TOC) and petroleum content in the sediments have significant correlation with the total PAHs content (R division is 0.667,0.566, P0.01), TOC and petroleum content affect the deposition. The important factor of PAHs distribution in the material.2. is a preliminary analysis of the source of PAHs through the characteristic molecular ratio method. The results show that the PAHs in the surface sediments of the western Shenzhen sea area are all the sources of oil and wood, coal and fuel combustion, and the combustion sources are mainly.3. utilization effect interval low medium value method and Ba P toxicity equivalent method for the western Shenzhen sea area table. The results of the risk assessment of PAHs in the layer sediments showed that benzo [b] fluoranthene (Bb F), benzo [k] fluoranthene (Bk F), and the benzo [1,2,3-cd] pyrene (IcdP) and benzo [g, h, and i] tables were detected at all stations, and would have serious toxic effects on the organisms; the content of acacene, fluorene and phenanthrene in individual stations was in the effect zone. Between the low value (ERL) and the middle value of the effect interval (ERM), there may be a toxic side effect on the organism. The remaining components at each station are lower than the ERL value, and the biological almost non-toxic side effects or toxic side effects are not obvious. From the point of view of toxic equivalent, the potential risk of the Moon Bay is the highest, the river in the sea is the lowest, the two benzene and [a, h] Anthracene (DahA), benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) and benzo [b] fluoranthene (Bb F) are the main source of sediment ecological risk,.4. in the western Shenzhen River, the average content of 7 total PCBs in the surface sediments of the Shenzhen Bay, the Moon Bay and the Shenzhen sea area of the Pearl River mouth is respectively 610pg/g, 1035 pg/g, 1017 pg/g and 350 pg/g, compared with the other regions at home and abroad, the level of pollution is biased. The main factors are 3Cl CBs and 6Cl CBs, and the content of TOC in the sediments has significant correlation with the total PCBs content (R=0.569, P0.01). TOC content is an important factor affecting PCBs distribution in the sedimentary facies. The generation of PCBs (6Cl~7Cl) mainly comes from modern human activities. Except for some stations, the PCBs in the surface sediments of the western Shenzhen sea area are both a mixed source of industrial goods and human activities. Some stations are mainly from industrial commodity sources, and some of the sites are mainly from the source of human activity in the.6. utilization effect interval low middle value method and the Canadian sedimentary material. The quantitative standard method is used to evaluate the ecological risk of PCBs in the surface sediments of the western Shenzhen sea. The results show that the total PCBs content in the sediments of each station is lower than the low value ERL (22.7ng/g) and the temporary mass reference value ISQG (21.6ng/g) in the sediments of each station.
【学位授予单位】：广东海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55

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