基于水声通信的海底天然气水合物环境监测系统的设计

发布时间：2018-08-05 15:37

【摘要】：随着我国国民经济的飞速发展,人们生活水平的提高,对能源的需求量也在逐步的增加。天然气水合物作为一种新型的洁净、高效以及低污染能源,其存储量大,分布范围广、埋藏位置浅,是天然气、煤以及石油后非常理想的替代能源。2007年我国海洋工作者在南海海域成功钻取了天然气水合物样品,如果成功开发利用,将对我国能源供给、社会和经济的可持续发展都有非常重要的意义。本文集成和研发的海底天然气水合物环境监测系统,最主要的目的是能够实时收集海洋中的环境信息。在本系统中,传感器节点主要负责收集、处理以及传输CTD、二氧化碳、PH值以及甲烷等传感器的数据,传感器节点包含中央控制单元,供电单元以及水声调制解调器单元。传感器节点采用水声调制解调器组织成网络,数据包通过多跳的方式由节点经中转节点传输到水面基站,水面基站再通过卫星将数据包转发到陆地控制中心。论文首先对水声传感器网络相关知识作了简要的介绍,确定在该系统中网络采用完全分布式拓扑结构。其次,给出了系统节点的硬件结构设计,分别对中央控制单元、电源控制单元以及数据通信单元这三个部分做了较全面的硬件设计,阐述了各硬件结构的功能及电路实现方法。最后介绍了海底天然气水合物环境监测系统网络的软件实现流程,包含传感器节点的建立、管理、选择、更新以及维护。结合海底天然气水合物环境监测系统,分别从硬件设计方案和系统软件工作流程,论证了系统的实现过程。在文章最后确定了海洋测试的具体方案以及给出了部分测试结果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our national economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the demand for energy is also increasing step by step. As a new clean, efficient and low pollution energy, natural gas hydrate has large storage capacity, wide distribution and shallow burial location. Coal and petroleum are ideal alternative energy sources. In 2007, Chinese marine workers successfully drilled samples of natural gas hydrates in the South China Sea. If they are successfully exploited and utilized, they will supply our country with energy. Social and economic sustainable development is of great significance. A marine gas hydrate monitoring system is integrated and developed in this paper. The main purpose of this system is to collect environmental information in the ocean in real time. In this system, the sensor node is mainly responsible for collecting, processing and transmitting the data of CTD, CO2 PH and methane. The sensor node includes central control unit, power supply unit and underwater acoustic modem unit. The sensor nodes are organized into a network by a underwater acoustic modem. The data packets are transmitted to the water surface base station by the node through the transit node in a multi-hop mode. The water base station transmits the data packets to the land control center through the satellite. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the related knowledge of underwater acoustic sensor networks, and determines that the network adopts a fully distributed topology in the system. Secondly, the hardware structure design of the system node is given. The central control unit, the power supply control unit and the data communication unit are designed respectively, and the function of each hardware structure and the realization method of the circuit are expounded. Finally, the software implementation flow of the environmental monitoring system network of submarine gas hydrate is introduced, including the establishment, management, selection, update and maintenance of sensor nodes. Based on the environmental monitoring system of submarine gas hydrate, the realization process of the system is demonstrated from the hardware design scheme and the system software workflow. At the end of this paper, the specific scheme of ocean test and some test results are given.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P742;TP274

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