近地空间目标高精度轨道预报算法研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 22:31

本文关键词： 近地空间目标轨道预报初轨确定跟踪滤波　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：空间目标监测是国家空间战略信息获取的重要途径,对国家安全有着重要意义,其中轨道预报是空间监测任务的基础环节。近地轨道由于空间环境较为复杂,实际任务中往往使用仅考虑地球非球形摄动主要摄动项的模型进行轨道预报,因此成为该领域的研究热点和难点。因此,本文针对近地空间目标高精度轨道预报算法的研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。首先,本文查阅了大量文献,总结了目前国内外针对轨道预报和初轨确定的研究现状,介绍了轨道动力学研究所用到的时间和坐标系系统,分析了轨道动力学模型和受摄运动模型,推导了相对运动方程。然后,研究了空间合作目标的轨道预报算法,从绝对轨道预报解析算法和数值算法两个方面展开,结合轨道动力学中对摄动理论的研究,考虑主要摄动因素,建立了较为完善的受摄动力学模型,分析了近地空间目标在轨运行特征,并给出不同摄动条件下的高精度数值算法。其次,研究了天基观测的初轨确定算法。首先分析了天基观测的方式和模型,然后从几何条件和光学条件两个方面出发研究了天基观测的可观测性,在传统Laplace定轨方法基础上推导了考虑2J摄动的定轨方法,同时,研究了考虑2J摄动的迭代初值选取问题,提高了定轨精度,保证了迭代的收敛性,并进行了仿真分析。最后,研究了非合作目标轨道跟踪预报问题。首先推导了C-W方程的状态空间表达式和天基观测的观测模型,然后基于卡尔曼滤波原理设计跟踪滤波器,得到相对轨道数据,并结合天基平台的数据转化为绝对轨道,实现了在仅知道当前时刻天基平台的轨道数据和短弧段内对目标的观测信息情况下的轨道预报技术,并进行了数学仿真分析。
[Abstract]:Space target monitoring is an important way to obtain national space strategic information, which is of great significance to national security. Orbit prediction is the basic link of space monitoring mission. Low Earth orbit is more complex because of the space environment. In practical missions, the model which only considers the main perturbation terms of the earth's non-spherical perturbation is often used for orbit prediction, so it has become a hot and difficult point in this field. In this paper, the research of high-precision orbit prediction algorithm for near-Earth space targets has important theoretical significance and application value. First, this paper consulted a large number of literature. This paper summarizes the research status of orbit prediction and initial orbit determination at home and abroad, introduces the time and coordinate system used in orbit dynamics research, and analyzes orbit dynamics model and perturbation motion model. The relative motion equation is derived. Then, the orbit prediction algorithm of space cooperative target is studied, which is developed from the two aspects of absolute orbit prediction analytical algorithm and numerical algorithm, combined with the study of perturbation theory in orbit dynamics. Taking into account the main perturbation factors, a more perfect dynamic model of the perturbation is established, and the characteristics of orbiting operation of the near-surface space target are analyzed, and the high-precision numerical algorithm under different perturbation conditions is given. Secondly. The algorithm of determining the initial orbit of space-based observation is studied. Firstly, the mode and model of space-based observation are analyzed, and then the observability of space-based observation is studied in terms of geometry and optical conditions. Based on the traditional Laplace orbit determination method, the orbit determination method considering 2J perturbation is derived. At the same time, the iterative initial value selection problem considering 2J perturbation is studied to improve the orbit determination accuracy. The convergence of the iteration is guaranteed, and the simulation analysis is carried out. Finally, the prediction problem of non-cooperative target orbit tracking is studied. Firstly, the state space expression of C-W equation and the observation model of space-based observation are derived. Then the tracking filter is designed based on the principle of Kalman filter, and the relative orbit data is obtained, and the data of space-based platform is transformed into absolute orbit. In this paper, the orbit prediction technology is realized under the condition of only knowing the orbit data of the space-based platform and the observation information of the target in the short arc segment, and the mathematical simulation analysis is carried out.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V412.41

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