薄壁舱体零件加工变形分析与精车夹具设计

发布时间：2018-01-30 03:06

本文关键词： 铝质薄壁零件加工变形夹具设计 ABAQUS 工艺试验　出处：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：铝合金材料以其比重小和优异的机械性能在轻量化设计中被广泛应用。特别是在国防科技工业中,铝合金常作为结构件的机体材料,如飞行器的舱体常用铝合金材料并设计成薄壁结构以减轻重量。但对于由铝合金制成的薄壁零件,因机体壁薄刚性较差,在加工过程中容易产生变形,从而影响零件的制造精度。因此,如何减少薄壁零件加工时的受力变形,提高其加工精度对提升产品的整体性能便具有了重要意义。本文针对某航空飞行器舱体零件,采用理论分析、有限元仿真与试验相结合的方法,研究其在加工过程中的夹紧变形及其控制方法,取得了一定的成果,其主要研究内容如下:1.薄壁舱体零件加工变形的工艺分析。基于舱体零件的结构特点和技术要求,从产品结构工艺性、表面加工方法和加工顺序安排等方面,对薄壁舱体零件关键技术参数的控制,进行了详细的工艺分析,获得了可行的工艺解决方案。2.设计了一种精车外圆的大型涨簧定位夹紧装置。在分析薄壁舱体零件加工变形的基础上,根据其精车外圆工序的技术要求,设计了一种三锥同体的大型涨簧定位夹紧装置,并对夹具定位方案进行了误差分析,同时对夹紧力和切削力进行了理论计算,完成了夹具的结构设计。3.基于ABAQUS软件,对薄壁舱体零件装夹状态三维接触问题进行了有限元分析,建立了舱体零件装夹状态的有限元分析模型,获得了舱体零件在夹紧状态下的应力应变云图,以及活动锥体的偏移量与薄壁零件变形量的对应关系。4.基于CK7525数控车床,编制了数控加工程序,采用所研制大型涨簧定位夹紧装置,对薄壁舱体的精车工序进行了加工实验。所加工的舱体零件,经检测,各项技术参数均满足工艺要求,达到了预期研究目标。本文在薄壁舱体的加工变形控制方面,为薄壁零件的加工提供了可借鉴的工艺方法。
[Abstract]:Aluminum alloy materials are widely used in lightweight design due to their small proportion and excellent mechanical properties. Especially in the national defense science and technology industry aluminum alloys are often used as the body materials of structural parts. For example, the cabin of aircraft is usually made of aluminum alloy and designed as thin-walled structure to reduce the weight. But for thin-walled parts made of aluminum alloy, the thin wall rigidity of the body is poor, and it is easy to produce deformation in the process of processing. Therefore, how to reduce the deformation of thin-walled parts. It is very important to improve the machining accuracy for the whole performance of the product. In this paper, the method of theoretical analysis, finite element simulation and test is adopted for the cabin parts of an aeronautical aircraft. The clamping deformation and its control methods in the process of machining have been studied, and some achievements have been obtained. The main research contents are as follows: 1. Process analysis of machining deformation of thin-walled cabin parts. Based on the structural characteristics and technical requirements of the cabin parts, the structural and technological properties of the products are discussed. The control of the key technical parameters of thin-walled cabin parts is analyzed in detail in the aspects of surface processing method and processing sequence arrangement. The feasible process solution is obtained. 2. A large spring positioning clamping device is designed. Based on the analysis of the deformation of thin-walled cabin parts, the technical requirements of the outer circle process of the finishing vehicle are presented. In this paper, a kind of three-cone and same body large spring positioning and clamping device is designed, and the error analysis of fixture positioning scheme is carried out. At the same time, the clamping force and cutting force are calculated theoretically. Based on ABAQUS software, the finite element analysis of three-dimensional contact problem of thin-walled cabin parts clamping state is carried out, and the finite element analysis model of cabin parts clamping state is established. The stress-strain cloud diagram of the cabin parts under clamping state and the corresponding relation between the displacement of the active cone and the deformation of thin-walled parts. 4. Based on the CK7525 NC lathe, the NC machining program is programmed. By using the developed large spring positioning clamping device, the finishing process of thin-walled cabin is tested. After testing, the technical parameters all meet the technological requirements. In this paper, the deformation control of thin-walled bulkhead can be used for reference in the machining of thin-walled parts.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V261

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