航空发动机气路部件故障容错控制方法研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 15:13

本文关键词： 涡扇发动机容错方法状态空间模型 LQG/LTR控制器性能恢复　出处：《南京航空航天大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文针对某型涡扇航空发动机在气路部件故障情况下,研究其在整个飞行包线内的容错控制方法。最终实现整个闭环控制系统在线的故障诊断和性能恢复,在保证发动机稳定安全工作的基础上减少发动机推力以及喘振裕度等性能损失。基于容积动力学发动机部件级模型,研究建立状态空间模型和提高线性化模型精度的方法。选取容腔中不同的热力学参数作为状态量建立状态空间模型,并分析不同数量和不同类型的状态量组合对于线性化精度的影响。在稳态基点线性化模型的基础上建立了慢车到最大状态的大范围小偏差模型,得到了较高的模型精度。针对航空发动机线性二次型高斯/回路传递恢复(LQG/LTR)多变量鲁棒控制中需要手动选取设计参数的问题,提出基于量子行为粒子群优化算法(QPSO)的LQG/LTR控制器设计方法。根据目标回路与实际开环回路的奇异值曲线自动优化可调参数q,获得控制器各设计参数。该设计方法降低了传统手动调试的盲目性,具有良好的控制性能。考虑外物吸入、机械断裂,或者发动机性能蜕化量达到一定程度时,可能引发的气路部件故障,对易发生故障的高压转子部件根据效率和流量的下降程度划分为高、中、低三个故障等级,提出离线设计性能恢复插值表并用于在线插值的方法对推力和喘振裕度进行恢复。对于高等故障采用QPSO算法计算发动机控制参数的调整值,对于中等及低等故障则利用近似函数求解,完成离线性能恢复插值表的设计。在此基础上,设计基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的故障诊断模块,以及将控制调整量转换为指令调整量的非线性转换模块。最终构建发动机闭环容错控制系统,实现发动机高压转速系统故障情况下的在线性能恢复,仿真表明该容错控制可以有效减少故障后发动机推力以及喘振裕度的损失。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the fault-tolerant control method of a turbofan aero-engine in the whole flight envelope is studied under the condition of gas path failure. Finally, the on-line fault diagnosis and performance recovery of the whole closed-loop control system are realized. On the basis of ensuring the stable and safe operation of the engine, the performance loss of the engine such as thrust and surge margin is reduced. Based on the volumetric dynamics engine component level model, The methods of establishing the state space model and improving the precision of the linearization model are studied. Different thermodynamic parameters in the cavity are selected as the state variables to establish the state space model. The effects of different quantities and different types of state combinations on the linearization accuracy are analyzed. Based on the steady-state base point linearization model, a large range small deviation model from slow train to maximum state is established. In order to solve the problem that the design parameters need to be manually selected in the multivariable robust control of linear quadratic Gao Si / loop transfer recovery (LQG / LTR) of aeroengine, A design method of LQG/LTR controller based on quantum behavior particle swarm optimization algorithm (QPSO) is proposed. According to the singular value curve of the target loop and the actual open loop loop, the adjustable parameters Q are automatically optimized, and the design parameters of the controller are obtained. Reduces the blindness of traditional manual debugging, Has good control performance. Considering the suction of external matter, mechanical fracture, or engine performance degradation to a certain extent, may lead to gas circuit component failure, The components of high voltage rotor which are prone to fault are divided into three grades according to the decreasing degree of efficiency and flow rate: high, middle and low. An off-line design performance recovery interpolation table is proposed and used for on-line interpolation to recover thrust and surge margin. For higher faults, QPSO algorithm is used to calculate the adjustment value of engine control parameters. For medium and low faults, the off-line performance recovery interpolation table is designed by using approximate function. On this basis, a fault diagnosis module based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) is designed. Finally, the closed-loop fault-tolerant control system of the engine is constructed to realize the linear recovery in the case of the failure of the engine high-pressure speed system. Simulation results show that the fault tolerant control can effectively reduce the loss of thrust and surge margin after failure.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：V263.6

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