新型高能低毒液体推进剂的合成及点火性能研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 05:34

本文关键词： 推进剂燃料自燃性离子液体肼硼烷　出处：《中国工程物理研究院》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在航空航天及国防领域,推进剂是火箭动力系统中关键材料之一。当前世界各国仍普遍使用肼及其甲基化衍生物作为自燃型液体推进剂的燃料。然而肼类化合物具有高挥发、剧毒和强致癌性,对环境和人体健康十分有害,从而大大增加了其运输和储存成本。因此,开发新型的高能低毒推进剂燃料代替现有的肼类燃料已成为未来火箭推进剂的重要发展方向之一。本文开发了四类自燃型液体推进剂燃料,并对它们的物化性质和点火性能进行了深入研究。第一部分,设计合成了一类基于不对称硼摀离子的自燃离子液体,完成了结构表征,并详细测试和研究了它们的热性质、粘度、比冲、燃烧热和点火性能等。研究结果表明在离子液体阳离子上引入强还原性B-H键后,能明显降低离子液体的点火延迟时间；与对称的双咪唑硼摀离子相比,不对称咪唑-胺硼摀的离子液体具有更低的玻璃态转变温度,更短的点火延迟时间和更高的密度。第二部分,设计合成了一类基于有机超强碱的自燃离子液体,完成了结构表征,并详细测试和研究了它们的热性质、密度、粘度、比冲、燃烧热和点火性能。结果表明,基于有机超强碱如DBN和DBU的阳离子可以显著提高自燃离子液体的热稳定性。有机超强碱结构中没有化学活泼的H原子可能是其热稳定性显著提高的原因,这对发展新型高热稳定性自燃离子液体具有指导与借鉴意义。第三部分,设计合成了一类内盐型化合物,确定了它们的分子结构,并详细测试和研究了它们的热性质、粘度、能量、燃烧热、点火性能。研究结果表明,这类内盐类化合物具有优异的水稳定性,即使在水中放置一个月,也没有观察到明显的化学分解,且此类化合物具有很短的点火延迟时间,最短可达2 ms。第四部分,设计合成了一类咪唑硼烷络合物,确定了它们的分子结构,并详细测试和研究了它们的物化性能和点火性能。在新合成方法中,不需要使用剧毒且危险的硼烷,而使用便宜易得的硼氢化钠与烷基咪唑,通过一步反应得到咪唑硼烷络合物。这类化合物合成简单,成本低,适宜大规模合成,且具有良好的自燃点火性能,为发展低成本的绿色液体推进剂燃料提供了借鉴。上述研究为发展新型绿色液体推进剂及其应用提供了重要参考。
[Abstract]:In the field of aerospace and national defense, propellant is one of the key materials in rocket power system. Currently, hydrazine and its methylation derivatives are still widely used in the world as fuel for self-ignition liquid propellant. However, hydrazine compounds are highly volatile. Highly toxic and highly carcinogenic, very harmful to the environment and human health, thereby significantly increasing their transport and storage costs... The development of new high-energy and low-toxic propellant fuels to replace the existing hydrazine fuels has become one of the important development directions of rocket propellants in the future. In this paper, four kinds of spontaneous combustion liquid propellant fuels have been developed. The physical and chemical properties and ignition properties of these liquids were studied in detail. In the first part, a class of self-ignition ionic liquids based on asymmetric boron burying ions was designed and synthesized, and their structure was characterized, and their thermal properties were tested and studied in detail. Viscosity, specific impulse, combustion heat and ignition performance. The results show that the ignition delay time of ionic liquid can be significantly reduced by introducing strong reductive B-H bond to ionic liquid cationic, and compared with symmetrical bisimidazole boron mulching ion, Ionic liquids with asymmetric imidazole-amine-boron cover have lower glass state transition temperature, shorter ignition delay time and higher density. In the second part, a class of spontaneous combustion ionic liquids based on organic super alkali is designed and synthesized. The structure was characterized, and their thermal properties, density, viscosity, specific impulse, combustion heat and ignition properties were tested and studied in detail. Cations based on organic super bases such as DBN and DBU can significantly improve the thermal stability of spontaneous combustion ionic liquids. The absence of chemically active H atoms in the structure of organic super bases may be the reason for the significant increase in thermal stability. This is of great significance for the development of new high thermal stability spontaneous combustion ionic liquids. In the third part, a class of inner salt compounds are designed and synthesized, their molecular structures are determined, and their thermal properties and viscosity are tested and studied in detail. Energy, heat of combustion, ignition properties. The results show that this kind of internal salts have excellent water stability, even if they are kept in water for a month, no apparent chemical decomposition is observed. And this kind of compound has very short ignition delay time and the shortest time can be up to 2 Ms. 4th. A class of imidazole borane complexes are designed and synthesized, and their molecular structures are determined. Their physicochemical properties and ignition properties were tested and studied in detail. In the new synthesis method, it is not necessary to use highly toxic and dangerous borane, but to use cheap and readily available sodium borohydride and alkyl imidazole. The imidazole borane complex was synthesized by one step reaction. It is simple in synthesis, low in cost, suitable for large-scale synthesis, and has good spontaneous ignition property. This study provides an important reference for the development of new green liquid propellant and its application.
【学位授予单位】：中国工程物理研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：V511

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