一种可量产的卫星结构设计与优化

发布时间：2018-03-03 16:50

本文选题：卫星结构　切入点：量产化　出处：《中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：二十一世纪以来,微小卫星产业开始崛起,由数十颗甚至上千颗微小卫星组成的卫星星座得到了广泛的构建,微小卫星步入飞速发展阶段。这对卫星的生产方式提出了新的要求,传统的单颗卫星研制方式已无法适应卫星发展现状,微小卫星面临着批量生产的挑战。卫星结构系统作为整个卫星的骨架,其设计工作是卫星研制过程中的重要环节,卫星结构设计的合理程度,对卫星任务的完成具有重要影响。卫星结构的创新与升级,可以促进整个卫星产业的发展进程,因此卫星结构设计技术在卫星产业的发展蓝图中占据着重要的地位。本文通过调研微小卫星的发展现状,对卫星结构提炼出三点能够实现量产化的设计要求:多运载适应性、柔性化设计、模块化设计。基于长光卫星技术有限公司提出的卫星组网项目,对该星座的重要成员——灵巧视频卫星进行结构设计,提出一种由金属梁和夹层板组合而成的框架板式结构,对该结构进行有限元分析和尺寸优化,并进行力学环境试验。首先,对框架板式卫星结构进行设计,包括卫星构型设计、框架结构设计、板结构设计、载荷布局设计、材料选择等方面的设计工作。该构型能够实现垂直安装发射和悬挂安装发射两种状态,易于实现多运载适应性要求,梁结构和板结构能够实现柔性化设计,载荷在不同板结构上进行布局安装,能够实现模块化设计,所设计的结构形式能够满足上述三点设计要求,可以实现量产化。然后,对该结构进行有限元分析和动力优化,有限元分析包括静力分析和动力分析,动力优化主要进行尺寸优化。通过有限元分析发现结构中不合理的地方,对结构方案进行修改完善,解决了相机安装板随机振动响应过大的问题。结构优化的数学模型以需要确定的结构尺寸参数作为设计变量,以卫星整体质量最小作为优化目标,以结构最低自振频率和设计变量的上下限作为约束条件,利用Opti Struct软件进行求解,最终确定各个结构参数。最后,对优化后的结构进行加工装配,通过振动试验评估结构的力学性能,试验结果表明结构的力学性能良好,可以满足设计要求。此外,对有限元分析数据和试验数据进行对比,二者的误差在可接受范围内,进而验证了有限元分析的准确性和有效性。
[Abstract]:Since 21th century, the micro-satellite industry has begun to rise, and the constellation composed of dozens or even thousands of tiny satellites has been extensively constructed. Microsatellites have entered a rapid development stage. This puts forward new requirements for the mode of production of satellites. The traditional way of developing a single satellite can no longer adapt to the status quo of satellite development. As the skeleton of the whole satellite, the design of the satellite structure system is an important part of the satellite development process, and the reasonable degree of the satellite structure design. Having an important impact on the completion of satellite missions. The innovation and upgrading of satellite structures can contribute to the development of the entire satellite industry, Therefore, satellite structure design technology plays an important role in the development blueprint of satellite industry. Flexible design, modular design. Based on the satellite networking project proposed by Changguang Satellite Technology Co., Ltd., the smart video satellite, which is an important member of the constellation, is designed. A frame plate structure composed of metal beam and sandwich plate is proposed. The finite element analysis and dimension optimization of the structure are carried out, and the mechanical environment test is carried out. Firstly, the frame plate satellite structure is designed, including the satellite configuration design. Frame structure design, plate structure design, load layout design, material selection and so on. The beam structure and the plate structure can realize the flexible design, the load is arranged and installed on the different plate structure, the modular design can be realized, the structural form designed can meet the above three design requirements, and can realize the mass production. The finite element analysis includes static analysis and dynamic analysis. Dynamic optimization is mainly used to optimize the size of the structure. Through the finite element analysis, it is found that the structure is unreasonable. The structural scheme is modified and perfected to solve the problem of excessive random vibration response of camera mounting plate. The mathematical model of structural optimization takes the structural dimension parameters that need to be determined as design variables and the minimum satellite mass as the optimization objective. Taking the minimum natural vibration frequency of the structure and the upper and lower limit of the design variable as the constraint conditions, the Opti Struct software is used to solve the problem, and each structural parameter is finally determined. Finally, the optimized structure is processed and assembled. The mechanical properties of the structure are evaluated by vibration test. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the structure are good and can meet the design requirements. In addition, the error between the finite element analysis data and the test data is within the acceptable range. The accuracy and validity of finite element analysis are verified.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：V423.4

【参考文献】