机载远程红外预警系统探测能力研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 09:16

本文选题：机载红外预警　切入点：作用距离　出处：《中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：机载红外预警系统是一种用于自主探测、定位和跟踪红外目标的设备。机载红外预警系统具有被动探测、隐蔽性好、抗电子干扰能力强、全天候工作等特点,可用于搜索跟踪地面、空中或海面目标,能够为近程防御武器系统提供目标信息,现已广泛应用于军事领域。机载红外预警系统必须有足够大的作用距离才能保证敌机、导弹等来袭时,能够提前发现并做好防御措施。影响机载红外预警系统探测能力的主要因素有:目标和背景的红外辐射特性、大气对红外辐射传输的衰减、光学系统以及探测器的性能等。文中分析了飞机和坦克的红外辐射特点,以及天空、海洋和地面背景的辐射特性。利用MODTRAN软件模拟了大气对红外辐射的吸收和散射情况以及不同条件下的大气透过率情况,并发现一般情况下长波红外的透过率优于中波,中波红外透过率受水汽影响大等特点。此外,还说明了SNR和NETD在波段选择时的重要性,以及光学参数和探测器如何选择。对于点目标作用距离模型,综合考虑成像弥散和路径辐射的影响,建立了基于对比度的红外预警系统的点目标作用距离模型,并以人和飞机为目标对比了模型计算结果和外场实验结果,对比结果表明模型具有一定的实用性。完善了面目标作用距离模型——MRTD模型,并以坦克为目标,详细介绍了面目标作用距离的论证过程,并且论证结果和外场实验结果具有一致性。最后,为了方便快捷的获得大气透过率、目标和背景的辐射亮度、信噪比、噪声等效温差、最小可分辨温差和作用距离等参数,建立了基于MATLAB的较为完整的红外预警系统作用距离估算系统。该计算作用距离的程序可以为红外预警系统的设计和应用以及其综合性能的评价提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:The airborne infrared early warning system is a kind of equipment used for autonomous detection, positioning and tracking of infrared targets. The airborne infrared early warning system has the characteristics of passive detection, good concealment, strong ability of resisting electronic interference, all-weather operation, and so on. Can be used to search and track ground, air or sea targets, can provide target information for short-range defense weapon systems, and is now widely used in military fields. Airborne infrared early warning systems must have sufficient operating distances to ensure enemy aircraft, The main factors that affect the detection ability of the airborne infrared early warning system are the infrared radiation characteristics of the target and background, the attenuation of infrared radiation transmission in the atmosphere, The infrared radiation characteristics of aircraft and tanks and the sky are analyzed. MODTRAN software is used to simulate the atmospheric absorption and scattering of infrared radiation and atmospheric transmittance under different conditions. It is found that the transmittance of long wave infrared is better than that of medium wave in general. In addition, the importance of SNR and NETD in the selection of waveband and how to select optical parameters and detectors are explained. Considering the influence of imaging dispersion and path radiation, a point-target range model of infrared early warning system based on contrast is established, and the results of model calculation and field experiment are compared with those of aircraft. The comparison results show that the model has some practicability. The MRTD model is perfected, and the demonstration process of the action distance of the surface target is introduced in detail, taking the tank as the target. Finally, in order to obtain the atmospheric transmittance, the radiance brightness of the target and the background, the SNR, the noise equivalent temperature difference, the minimum distinguishable temperature difference and the action distance, etc. A relatively complete infrared early warning system operating range estimation system based on MATLAB is established, which can provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of the infrared early warning system and the evaluation of its comprehensive performance.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V271.4;TN219

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