航站楼置换通风的数值模拟研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 19:20

本文选题：航站楼 + 置换通风　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着建筑科学和社会经济的发展,机场的出现使人们的出行更加方便,近些年来,越来越多的机场航站楼服务于人们的日常出行。机场航站楼内人员众多,运行各种设备,进行各种活动,是机场能源消耗的主要场所。在营造舒适的热环境的同时,如何降低空调系统能耗是一个值得深入研究的问题。目前在国内,机场航站楼主要采用分层喷口送风等气流组织形式,通风效率和能源利用率都较低,人员处于气流回流区,室内空气品质不佳。在这种情况下,各国研究者纷纷将目光投向置换通风,置换通风因为具有能耗低、通风效率高和空气品质良好等特点,已经逐步应用于国外的一些机场航站楼。针对航站楼在空间区域和围护结构等方面的特殊性,选择合适的室内空调设计参数。在此基础上,以上海市某航站楼候机厅为研究对象进行置换通风室内有效冷负荷计算研究,对比有效得热系数法和能耗模拟法的优缺点。借助Energy Plus中的UCSD模块模拟研究候机厅室内有效冷负荷,得到各围护结构的传热量,指出UCSD模型在围护结构得热占主导位置的情况下并不适用。同时,结合CFD模拟结果表明有效得热系数法计算得到的有效冷负荷值稍稍偏大,室内有效冷负荷的实际值约为计算值的85%。在对航站楼候机厅置换通风建立几何模型和数值模型后,利用Fluent软件对不同送风参数下的温度场、速度场和热力分层规律进行详细的研究。结果表明,排风口的位置和大小对候机厅室内的温度场和速度场有一定影响,但影响程度不大,在最高处排风对降低室内整体温度场有着积极意义。通过模拟还发现,在送风冷负荷和送风量不变的情况下,送风面积越大,室内流场越趋于均匀,排热效果也越好。此外,在送风冷负荷一定时,同时降低送风温度和送风量可以大幅度地降低室内整体温度,进而降低置换通风系统的能耗。针对研究中发现的玻璃幕墙附近出现的局部高温现象,采用局部冷却方法改善局部热环境;最后,在前文的研究成果上,对航站楼候机厅内的温度场和速度场进行优化,旨在营造一个舒适的热环境的同时最大限度减小能耗。最后,总结大了空间建筑的置换通风设计方法,以期为航站楼建筑应用置换通风系统提供参考性意见。
[Abstract]:With the development of architecture science and social economy, the appearance of airport makes people's travel more convenient. In recent years, more and more airport terminals serve people's daily travel. The airport terminal has a large number of personnel, running all kinds of equipment and carrying out various activities, which is the main place of airport energy consumption. At the same time, how to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning system is a problem worthy of further study. At present, the airport terminal mainly adopts the airflow organization form such as stratified nozzle, etc. The ventilation efficiency and energy utilization ratio are low, the personnel is in the airflow backflow area, and the indoor air quality is not good. In this case, researchers all over the world have turned their eyes to displacement ventilation, which has been gradually applied to some airport terminals abroad because of its low energy consumption, high ventilation efficiency and good air quality. In view of the particularity of the terminal building in the space area and the enclosure structure, the suitable indoor air conditioning design parameters are selected. On the basis of this, the effective cooling load calculation of displacement ventilation room is studied in a terminal terminal in Shanghai. The advantages and disadvantages of the effective heat coefficient method and the energy consumption simulation method are compared. With the help of the UCSD module in Energy Plus, the effective cooling load in the terminal room is studied, and the heat transfer of each enclosure structure is obtained. It is pointed out that the UCSD model is not suitable when the heat in the enclosure structure occupies the dominant position. At the same time, the CFD simulation results show that the effective cooling load calculated by the effective thermal coefficient method is slightly larger, and the actual value of the indoor effective cooling load is about 85 percent of the calculated value. After the geometric model and numerical model of displacement ventilation in terminal terminal are established, the temperature field, velocity field and thermal stratification under different air supply parameters are studied in detail by Fluent software. The results show that the location and size of the outlet have a certain influence on the temperature field and velocity field in the terminal room, but the influence is not great. The exhaust air at the highest point has a positive significance to reduce the whole indoor temperature field. It is also found that the larger the air supply area is, the more uniform the indoor flow field is, and the better the heat removal effect is. In addition, when the air cooling load is constant, lowering the air supply temperature and air supply volume can greatly reduce the whole indoor temperature, and then reduce the energy consumption of the displacement ventilation system. In view of the local high temperature phenomenon near the glass curtain wall, the local cooling method is used to improve the local thermal environment. Finally, the temperature field and velocity field in the terminal are optimized based on the previous research results. Aims to create a comfortable thermal environment while minimizing energy consumption. Finally, the design methods of displacement ventilation for large space buildings are summarized in order to provide reference for the application of displacement ventilation system in terminal buildings.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU834.52;V351

【参考文献】