航空叶轮超声波检测方法探究及系统设计

发布时间：2018-05-03 17:57

本文选题：航空叶轮 + 超声波检测　；参考：《南昌航空大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：一直以来,航空器的动力模块都是整个航空系统的核心技术所在,各个国家对航空发动机的设计与研发从未停止。航空叶轮是航空发动机的重要零件之一,其质量直接影响到航空发动机组的使用寿命及安全性能。随着工业技术的提升与发展,新型的航空叶轮不断涌现,然而,与其相应的检测方法尚未成熟,为保证生产质量,亟需一种可靠、准确、直观的检测方法来对航空叶轮进行质量检测。航空叶轮是一种结构复杂的新型工件,目前并没有与其对应的成熟的无损检测方法。因此,本课题在掌握了超声波检测原理与相关方法的基础上,结合自行研制的超声特征成像扫描系统,提出了关于航空叶轮真空扩散焊界面的自动成像检测方法。首先,本文重点研究了关于航空叶轮的超声波检测方法,分析了超声波的发射与接收方式,超声波的各种分类以及基本参量。其次,研究与分析了几种发展较为迅速的超声波成像技术,对几种典型超声波成像方法在航空叶轮的应用上的优势及不足进行了对比,并最终确定基本检测依据。然后,针对航空叶轮超声波检测进行了手动实验,确定了检测过程中的各项参数,包括检测面、耦合剂、换能器的性能分析,得出了超声波在叶轮中的传播规律,保证了后续超声波检测方法的可行性。最后,设计了航空叶轮超声波成像检测系统的整体方案,整个方案包括设计方案、基本工作原理、基本检测原理、机械装置、电气系统以及配套软件。此外,论文采用铝合金灵敏度试块对所研制的检测系统进行测试,测试结果达到预期效果,检测灵敏度符合要求,同时,对某单位生产的新型航空叶轮进行了验证性检测,评估了检测方法的可靠性与可操作性。文章所设计的系统主要价值在于填补了新型航空叶轮超声波无损检测的空白,通过成像使得检测结果更加直观,降低了质量评定的难度。每个航空叶轮的检测时间为10分钟,效率比手动检测提高十倍。检测的最小缺陷可达0.5mm。检测结果采用图像显示的方式,直观可靠,处理方式多样。本课题以航空叶轮为研究对象,将超声波成像检测技术应用到航空叶轮的质量检测,设计了一套针对航空叶轮超声波成像检测系统。为航空叶轮重要部位的质量评定提供了依据。
[Abstract]:All the time, the power module of the aircraft is the core technology of the whole aeronautical system, and the design and development of the aero-engine are never stopped in each country. Aeroengine impeller is one of the important parts of aero-engine. Its quality directly affects the service life and safety performance of aero-engine group. With the improvement and development of industrial technology, new types of aeronautical impellers are emerging. However, the corresponding detection methods are not yet mature. In order to ensure the quality of production, a reliable and accurate method is urgently needed. Visual inspection method to test the quality of aeronautical impeller. Aeronautical impeller is a new type of workpiece with complex structure, and there is no mature nondestructive testing method. Therefore, on the basis of mastering the principle and relevant methods of ultrasonic testing, combining with the ultrasonic characteristic imaging scanning system developed by ourselves, an automatic imaging detection method for the vacuum diffusion welding interface of aeronautical impeller is proposed. Firstly, this paper focuses on the ultrasonic detection method of aeronautical impeller, analyzes the mode of ultrasonic transmitting and receiving, the classification of ultrasonic wave and the basic parameters. Secondly, several ultrasonic imaging techniques developed rapidly are studied and analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of several typical ultrasonic imaging methods in the application of aeronautical impeller are compared, and the basic testing basis is finally determined. Then, the manual experiment is carried out for the ultrasonic detection of the aeronautical impeller, and the parameters in the process are determined, including the performance analysis of the detection surface, coupling agent and transducer, and the propagation rule of the ultrasonic wave in the impeller is obtained. The feasibility of the following ultrasonic detection method is ensured. Finally, the whole scheme of ultrasonic imaging detection system for aeronautical impeller is designed. The whole scheme includes design scheme, basic working principle, basic detection principle, mechanical device, electrical system and supporting software. In addition, the paper uses the aluminum alloy sensitivity test block to test the developed testing system, the test results reach the desired results, the detection sensitivity meets the requirements. At the same time, a new type of aeronautical impeller produced by a unit is tested for verification. The reliability and maneuverability of the detection method are evaluated. The main value of the system designed in this paper is to fill in the blank of ultrasonic nondestructive testing of new type aeronautical impeller, and make the test result more intuitive by imaging, and reduce the difficulty of quality evaluation. The detection time of each aeronautical impeller is 10 minutes, which is ten times more efficient than manual detection. The minimum defect detected can be up to 0.5 mm. The detection results are visualized and reliable by image display, and are processed in a variety of ways. In this paper, the ultrasonic imaging technology is applied to the quality detection of the aeronautical impeller, and a set of ultrasonic imaging detection system for the aeronautical impeller is designed. It provides the basis for the quality assessment of the important parts of the aeronautical impeller.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V263.6

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