纳米复合金属粉的制备及性质研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 09:43

本文选题：纳米FeCu合金粉 + 纳米NiCu复合粉　；参考：《齐鲁工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：金属粉是固体推进剂中的主要燃烧剂,其粒径与能量性质及燃烧性质具有一定的关系,粒径越小,燃烧性能越好。纳米复合金属粉除具有金属及合金本身的性质外,还具有纳米粉体的特性,在诸多领域已经显示出优良的应用性能,在推进剂中也具有较高的研究应用价值。本论文开展纳米铁铜合金粉以及纳米镍铜复合粉的制备以及对高氯酸铵(AP)以及AP/HTPB复合固体推进剂热分解过程影响的研究,对于提高和改善推进剂性能,探索新型推进剂燃烧促进剂具有重要意义。本论文的主要内容为:(1)采用化学还原法制备了纳米级FeCu合金粉以及纳米NiCu复合粉,采用XRD、SEM、ICP等方法对其结构进行了表征,并研究了其最佳制备条件。纳米铁铜合金粉末具有Fe-Cu合金结构,纳米镍铜复合粉为混晶结构。纳米FeCu和NiCu粉呈现较好的球形,具有较好的分散性,平均粒径为60nm。(2)采用热分析法研究了纳米FeCu合金粉以及纳米NiCu复合粉对AP热分解过程的影响。结果表明,纳米铁铜合金粉以及纳米镍铜复合粉均可以显著降低AP的热分解放热峰温,显著增大其热分解放热量,表现出对高氯酸铵的热分解具有显著的催化效果。(3)加入量的变化对纳米铁铜和镍铜粉的催化效果没有明显的影响。纳米铁铜和镍铜粉中金属元素的比例与其催化效果有一定关系,其催化效果一般随Cu含量的上升而增强。当Fe:Cu为1:1时,纳米FeCu合金粉的增强促进效果最好;当Ni:Cu为6:4时,纳米NiCu粉的效果最佳。(4)纳米FeCu和NiCu粉均可使AP/HTPB复合固体推进剂的热分解放热峰温显著下降,使其热分解放热量较大幅度增大,表现出较好的催化效果。(5)纳米复合金属粉催化促进高氯酸铵热分解过程的机理:a.表面过渡金属氧化物在高氯酸铵热分解的开始阶段,对于电子迁移的桥梁催化作用;b.纳米复合金属粉通过其中的金属元素与高氯酸铵热分解产物的反应,催化高氯酸铵的高温热分解过程;c.纳米复合金属粉具备较强的表面效应。
[Abstract]:Metal powder is the main combustion agent in solid propellant. Its particle size is related to the energy and combustion properties. The smaller the particle size, the better the combustion performance. Nano-composite metal powder not only has the properties of metal and alloy itself, but also has the properties of nano-powder. It has shown excellent application performance in many fields, and also has high research and application value in propellant. In this paper, the preparation of nano-Fe-Cu alloy powder and nano-Ni-Cu composite powder and the effect on thermal decomposition process of ammonium perchlorate (APO) and AP/HTPB composite solid propellants are studied, which can improve and improve the properties of propellants. It is of great significance to explore new propellant combustion promoters. The main content of this thesis is: (1) Nano-scale FeCu alloy powder and nano-scale NiCu composite powder were prepared by chemical reduction method. The structure was characterized by XRDD-SEMICP and the optimum preparation conditions were studied. Nano Fe Cu alloy powder has Fe-Cu alloy structure, and nano Ni Cu composite powder is mixed crystal structure. The effects of nano-sized FeCu and NiCu powders on the thermal decomposition process of AP were investigated by thermal analysis. The average particle size was 60nm.m-2. The effects of nano-sized FeCu alloy powder and nano-NiCu composite powder on the thermal decomposition process of AP were studied by thermal analysis. The results show that both nano-Fe-Cu alloy powder and nano-Ni-Cu composite powder can significantly decrease the peak temperature of heat release of AP and increase the heat release of AP. It is shown that the addition amount of ammonium perchlorate has a significant catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. There is no obvious effect on the catalytic effect of nano-Fe Cu and Ni Cu powders. The ratio of metal elements in nano-Fe Cu and Ni Cu powder is related to the catalytic effect, and the catalytic effect generally increases with the increase of Cu content. When Fe:Cu is 1:1, the enhancement effect of nano-sized FeCu alloy powder is the best, when Ni:Cu is 6:4, the effect of nano-NiCu powder is the best. The peak temperature of thermal decomposition exothermic peak of AP/HTPB composite solid propellant can be decreased significantly by nano-FeCu and NiCu powder. The mechanism of promoting the thermal decomposition process of ammonium perchlorate by nanometer composite metal powder is: a). The transition metal oxide on the surface is a bridge catalyst for electron transport in the initial stage of thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Nanometer composite metal powder catalyzes the high temperature thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate by the reaction of metal elements in it with ammonium perchlorate thermal decomposition product. Nano composite metal powder has strong surface effect.
【学位授予单位】：齐鲁工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V512

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