航空发动机多自由度装配平台设计与分析

发布时间：2018-06-04 04:01

本文选题：航空发动机 + 多自由度　；参考：《中国农业机械化科学研究院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文结合在航空发动机装配过程中,通过对其姿态进行调整,使操作者能够站在地面上不借助梯架即能完成装配、分解工作这一要求,设计出一种能够实现空间多个自由度运动的航空发动机多自由度装配平台。该装配平台具有多运动自由度和可调节夹持机构,自动化程度相对较高,属于机电一体化设备。装配平台上与发动机相连接的可调节夹持机构,能实现标准化和模块化,能快速改装,使得装配平台可适用于多种型号航空发动机的主单元体及整机装配,能够使得航空发动机姿态调整和装配操作过程更安全、高效,解决航空发动机装配和维护操作工作强度大、效率低的问题。按照装配平台技术要求,提出了整体结构方案,并对驱动方式进行了对比选择,最终确定选择交流伺服电机作为驱动力来源。根据装配平台机械结构组成特点,分别对垂直升降机构、俯仰旋转机构、轴心回转机构进行了三维设计,并根据实际工作要求确定具体尺寸以及各外购元件选型,完成了整机结构设计以及虚拟样机的装配。在装配平台垂直升降机构上,交流伺服电机提供动力带动滚珠丝杠传动,直线导轨作为直线运动单元,来实现垂直升降动作;在俯仰旋转机构上,交流伺服电机双侧对称布置,带动驱动齿轮同向驱动回转支承,来实现俯仰旋转动作；在轴心回转机构上,驱动齿轮在交流伺服电机的带动下驱动C型环转动,弧形导轨作为弧形运动单元,来实现轴心回转动作。分别建立了垂直升降机构、俯仰旋转机构、轴心回转机构关键结构件有限元模型,对每个模型按照实际情况添加约束、远程载荷以及进行网格的划分,利用有限元分析软件Simulation对装配平台主要结构件进行了结构静力学分析。有限元分析结果显示,在负载为三倍额定载荷的情况下,装配平台主要结构件最大应力值小于所选材料的屈服强度,确保了机构运动过程中的安全性和稳定性。针对装配平台实际应用提出了“控制面板+PLC+伺服电机”的控制模式,并针对控制模式完成了控制部件的选型。本文在控制程序的设计上,根据实际功能需要,有三个特别设计：各自由度动作均为缓起缓停；俯仰旋转动作包含连续模式和一键旋转90。的独立模式；机械锁止限位机构与辅助继电器程序联合作用控制俯仰旋转方向。装配平台作为通用化的多自由度工装设备,在国内尚属首次研制。为验证其是否达到实用效果,满足各项功能要求,首台样机加工制造的同时,设计制造了用于模拟加载试验的重量可调的加载装置。空载状态下装配平台调试成功后,对其进行了额定载荷和两倍载荷状态下的性能试验和结构强度试验,试验结果达到了预期要求,验证了装配平台结构设计和控制程序设计的合理性,对于后续装配平台的设计和优化具有重要的参考价值。
[Abstract]:In this paper, in the assembly process of aero engine, by adjusting the attitude of the aero engine, the operator can stand on the ground without the aid of the ladder that can complete the assembly and decompose the work. The degree and adjustable clamping mechanism, which has relatively high degree of automation, belongs to the electromechanical integration equipment. The adjustable clamping mechanism connected with the engine on the assembly platform can be standardized and modularized and can be quickly modified. The assembly platform can be applied to the main unit and the whole assembly of various types of Aero engines. The attitude adjustment and assembly operation of the air engine are more safe and efficient, and the problem of solving the high intensity and low efficiency of the aero engine assembly and maintenance operation is solved. According to the technical requirements of the assembly platform, the overall structure scheme is put forward, and the driving mode is selected and selected to determine the AC servo motor as the driving force source. According to the characteristics of the mechanical structure of the assembly platform, the three-dimensional design of the vertical lifting mechanism, the pitching rotation mechanism and the axis rotary mechanism is carried out respectively. According to the actual work requirements, the specific dimensions and the selection of the components are selected. The structure design of the whole machine and the assembly of the virtual prototype are completed. On the vertical lifting mechanism of the assembly platform, communication is carried out. The servo motor drives the ball screw drive, and the linear guide is used as a linear motion unit to achieve vertical lifting and lifting. On the pitch rotating mechanism, the AC servo motor is arranged symmetrically, driving the driving gear with the rotating support of the direction drive to realize the pitch rotation rotation; in the axis rotary mechanism, the driving gear is in the AC server. Driven by the electric motor, the C ring rotation is driven and the arc guide rail is used as an arc motion unit to realize the axis rotation. The finite element model of the vertical lifting mechanism, the pitching rotation mechanism and the key structure of the axis rotary mechanism is set up respectively, which add constraints to each model according to the actual situation, the remote load and the division of the grid. The statics analysis of the main structure parts of the assembly platform is carried out by the finite element analysis software Simulation. The finite element analysis results show that the maximum stress value of the main structure parts of the assembly platform is less than the yield strength of the selected material at the load of three times the rated load, which ensures the safety and stability of the mechanism in the movement process. In view of the practical application of the assembly platform, the control mode of "control panel +PLC+ servo motor" is put forward, and the control mode is selected for the control mode. In this paper, three special designs are designed in the design of the control program, according to the actual function needs: the action of each degree of freedom is slow and slow stop; the pitching rotation includes the continuous mode. The independent mode of the type and one key rotates 90.; the mechanical lock stop mechanism and the auxiliary relay program jointly control the direction of the pitching rotation. As a versatile multi degree of freedom tooling equipment, the assembly platform is first developed in China. In order to verify its practical effect and meet various functional requirements, the first prototype machine is manufactured in the same way. At the time, the weight adjustable loading device was designed and manufactured for the simulated loading test. The performance test and structural strength test under the rated load and two times load state were carried out after the assembly platform was successfully tested in the empty state. The test results reached the expected requirement, and the assembly platform structure design and the control program design were verified. Rationality has important reference value for the design and optimization of subsequent assembly platform.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业机械化科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V263.2

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