某机转子叶片工艺研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 17:23

本文选题：航空发动机 + 叶片　；参考：《大连理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在航空发动机中,叶片起着能量转换的关键作用,是发动机的“心脏”。作为发动机的重要部分,叶片的质量对发动机影响巨大。由于叶片的品种多、数量大、材料切削性能差、型面复杂、技术要求严格,使得其工艺及生产准备周期长、制造工艺复杂、制造工艺方法不统一。国内研制机种的压气机转子叶片的试制主要以批产叶片的制造工艺方法为基础进行制造,这样不仅需要派制大量的工装,而且工艺及生产准备周期长,一旦设计图纸发生变化,需重新编制工艺规程并会造成大量的工装报废。本文以某型机压气机转子叶片为例,重点针对叶片加工的核心内容——叶片的技术要求、毛坯制造工艺和叶片加工工艺等进行系统化的探讨、研究。叶片的制造工艺水平直接影响着其榫头和叶身型面的质量。本文研究了某机转子叶片两种工艺路线对加工质量和效率的影响,最终制定了一种一次装夹,一体化加工的工艺路线。通过设计合理的装夹方式和稳定的夹具系统,提高了叶片数控加工系统的整体刚性。并在制造全过程中应用数字设计,数字制造,数字检测的自动化技术,改变了传统工艺加工模式,提高了产品质量,加快了新产品的开发速度。本文还介绍了叶身型面精密数控铣削加工的方法,分析了高温合金薄型叶片在加工过程中的变形影响因素及如何加以控制,并且依据叶片的批量测量结果,通过改进切削方式、切削参数以及模型等手段,在模型和加工程序上加以调试及补偿,最大限度地减小了叶片变形,达到了数控切削的工艺精度要求。本文的研究结果已成功应用于航空发动机新机科研叶片的小批量快速研制、精密加工及检测中,缩短了新机叶片的制造周期。
[Abstract]:In aero-engines, blades play a key role in energy conversion and are the "heart" of the engine. As an important part of the engine, the quality of the blade has a great impact on the engine. Due to the variety of blades, large quantity, poor cutting performance, complex profile and strict technical requirements, the process and production preparation period is long, the manufacturing process is complex, and the manufacturing process is not uniform. The trial production of compressor rotor blades developed in China is mainly based on the manufacturing process of batch production blades. In this way, not only a large number of tooling is required, but also the process and production preparation period is long. Once the design drawings change, Process procedures need to be reworked and a large number of tooling will be scrapped. In this paper, the rotor blade of a compressor is taken as an example. The technical requirements of blade, blank manufacturing technology and blade processing technology are studied systematically. The manufacturing process level of blade directly affects the quality of its tenon and blade body surface. In this paper, the influence of two kinds of technological routes on the machining quality and efficiency of a certain rotor blade is studied, and a process route of once clamping and integrated machining is worked out. By designing reasonable clamping mode and stable fixture system, the overall rigidity of blade NC machining system is improved. The automation technology of digital design, digital manufacturing and digital detection is applied in the whole manufacturing process, which changes the traditional processing mode, improves the product quality and speeds up the development of new products. This paper also introduces the method of precise NC milling of blade body surface, analyzes the influence factors and how to control the deformation of thin superalloy blade in the process of machining, and according to the result of batch measurement of blade, improves the cutting method. The cutting parameters and the model are debugged and compensated in the model and machining program to minimize the blade deformation and to meet the precision requirements of NC cutting. The research results in this paper have been successfully applied to the rapid development of aeroengine new engine blades in small batch, precision machining and testing, thus shortening the manufacturing cycle of the new engine blades.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：V263

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