基于自由度的飞机曲面轮廓度公差的建模与分析
发布时间：2018-07-25 19:40
【摘要】：计算机辅助公差设计(Computer Aided Tolerancing,CAT)是产品生命周期中的重要环节,它不仅有利于产品开发中数据的共享与交换,同时对产品的精度、质量以及成本控制提供了系统全面的方法。自70年代提出并发展以来,CAT技术已经取得了相当多的理论和应用成果,但是,与其它的计算机辅助技术相比,CAT技术的发展远落后于CAD、CAM等技术的发展,已成为制约CAD/CAM集成的瓶颈之一;因此,亟需发展CAT技术以帮助实现产品生命周期的集成化开发与管理。在CAT研究中,不仅要考虑规则形状特征的公差,同时要考虑不规则形状特征的公差;曲线(面)特征作为一类不规则形状的特征,广泛存在于机械产品中,即便是简单的机械产品可能都存在这一类特征。但是,目前关于曲线(面)特征的CAT研究还比较少,需要进一步的发展。在CAT研究中,以自由度为基础发展起来的模型是一类广泛使用的模型并且是当前的研究热点,这主要得益于这一类模型具有以下诸多优点:(1)支持非常多的几何特征和公差类型,(2)支持标准中很多的公差语义信息和规则,(3)支持面向整体公差域的三维公差分析与验证,(4)支持公差信息的自动化与智能化推理,(5)有利于CAT各技术之间的信息共享与集成;同时它适用于飞机这一类产品的数字化装配协调性的要求。因此,本文以自由度为基础,展开了飞机曲线(面)特征轮廓度公差的建模与分析的研究,旨在为飞机曲线(面)特征的CAT设计提供普适性的解决方案,促进CAD/CAM的集成,以帮助实现产品生命周期的集成化开发与管理。全文主要研究内容及成果如下:1)分析了使用自由度表示曲线(面)轮廓度公差的可行性。针对不规则形状特征与规则形状特征的差异性,分析了使用自由度表示曲线(面)轮廓度公差时存在的问题(自由度的第一类和第二类问题);针对自由度的第一类和第二类问题,使用近似法给出了相应的解决方法,并将问题量化表示为误差的判断,由此得到自由度的第一类和第二类误差(亦称作Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型误差)。因此,通过判断是否可以忽略Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型误差即可以断定自由度是否可以表示曲线(面)特征的轮廓度公差。2)提出了曲线(面)轮廓度公差的建模与分析的ASDOF(Assessment,Split,and Degrees of Freedom)方法,它由两部分组成:曲线(面)特征的公差建模和曲线(面)特征的公差分析;其中前者又包括自由度变动的判定、曲线(面)特征的分割以及轮廓度公差的自由度参数提取和表示三个部分内容;自由度变动的判定和曲线(面)特征的分割这两个部分内容用于消除Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型误差;轮廓度公差的自由度参数提取和表示这一部分内容用于建立自由度参数的取值区间及其相互约束的表达式;曲线(面)特征的公差分析这一部分内容主要是构建曲线(面)特征的装配累积关系以及完成相应的公差分析。3)提出了Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型误差的判定方法,并归结为两个判定算法;第一个算法用于判定Ⅰ型误差,第二个算法用于判定Ⅱ型误差,在两个算法的帮助下,即可以判断是否可以忽略Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型误差;算法在实施过程中将问题简化为计算误差的最大值,避免了判断所有点处的误差而导致的无穷次判定,算法使用到的理论包括:旋转变换、参数替换、区域原则、最值法、遗传算法等。4)提出了曲线(面)特征的分割方法,并归结为分割算法;针对不能够忽略Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型误差的曲线(面)特征,分割算法对曲线(面)特征进行分割以使分割得到的子曲线(面)特征可以忽略以上两类误差;该算法将问题简化为计算曲线(面)特征的最大曲率点,并使用递归原理完成整个过程,具有快速收敛和自适应的优点。5)在以上判定与分割算法的基础上,完成了曲线(面)轮廓度公差的自由度参数提取和表示以及相应的装配公差分析;首先根据曲线(面)特征的几何尺寸、公差值大小、公差域边界的限制条件提取并计算变动度的取值范围以及它们之间的相互约束关系式;然后使用齐次坐标变换建立曲线(面)特征的装配累积关系,最后使用蒙特卡罗法实现了对曲线(面)特征的装配公差分析。全文以某型飞机的叉耳组件为例验证了所提方法的正确性和可靠性。本文围绕着飞机曲线(面)特征所开展的公差建模与分析的研究为CAT的整体研究提供了丰富的基础素材,具有重要的理论指导意义和工程实践价值。
[Abstract]:Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT) is an important link in product life cycle. It not only helps to share and exchange data in product development, but also provides a systematic and comprehensive method for product precision, quality and cost control. Since it was put forward and developed in 70s, CAT technology has been obtained Compared with other computer aided technology, the development of CAT technology is far behind CAD and the development of CAM technology, which has become one of the bottlenecks that restrict the integration of CAD/CAM. Therefore, it is urgent to develop CAT technology to help realize the integrated development and management of product life cycle. In CAT research, not only should be considered. The tolerance of regular shape features, while taking into account the tolerance of irregular shape features; the characteristic of a curve (surface) as a type of irregular shape, is widely used in mechanical products, even simple mechanical products may have such characteristics. However, there are few CAT studies on the characteristics of the curve (surface), which need further study. Development. In the CAT study, the model developed on the basis of freedom is a widely used model and is the current research hotspot, which is mainly due to the following advantages: (1) support very many geometric features and tolerance types, (2) many tolerance semantic information and rules in the support standard, (3) support The 3D tolerance analysis and verification for the whole tolerance domain, (4) support the automation and intelligent reasoning of tolerance information, (5) it is beneficial to the information sharing and integration between CAT technologies. At the same time, it is suitable for the requirements of the digital assembly coordination of aircraft products. Therefore, this paper is based on the degree of freedom and expands the plane curve (surface). The research of modeling and analysis of the geometric tolerance is aimed at providing a universal solution for the CAT design of plane curve (surface) features, promoting the integration of CAD/CAM and helping to realize the integrated development and management of the product life cycle. The main contents and achievements of the full text are as follows: 1) analysis of the use of freedom to express the contour of the curve (surface). The feasibility of tolerance. In view of the difference between irregular shape features and regular shape features, the problems (first class and second types of degrees of freedom) are analyzed by using the degree of freedom to express the profile degree tolerance of the curve (surface). The corresponding solutions are given by using the approximate method for the first and the second classes of freedom degree. The first and second types of error (also called type I and type II errors) of the degree of freedom are obtained. Therefore, by judging whether the type I and type II errors can be ignored, the profile tolerance.2 of the curve (surface) can be determined whether the degree of freedom can be expressed as a curve (surface).) the building of the curve (surface) profile tolerance is proposed. ASDOF (Assessment, Split, and Degrees of Freedom) method of model and analysis, which consists of two parts: tolerance modeling of curve (surface) features and tolerance analysis of curve (surface) features; the former includes the determination of the variation of degree of freedom, the cutting of the characteristic of the curve (surface), and the extraction and representation of the degree of freedom parameter of the profile degree tolerance. The two parts of the determination of the variation of the degree of freedom and the segmentation of the characteristic of the curve (surface) are used to eliminate the type I and type II errors; the degree of freedom parameters of the contour tolerance are extracted and expressed in the expression of the value interval of the degree of freedom parameters and the expression of their mutual constraints; the tolerance analysis of the curve (surface) features is within the part of the tolerance analysis. The capacity is mainly the assembly accumulation relation of constructing curve (surface) features and the completion of corresponding tolerance analysis.3). The determination method of type I and type II error is proposed, and it is summed up as two decision algorithms. The first algorithm is used to determine the type I error, and the second algorithm is used to determine the type II error. With the help of the two algorithms, it can judge whether or not. The error of type I and type II can be ignored; the algorithm simplifies the problem to the maximum of the calculation error in the implementation process and avoids the infinity judgment caused by the error at all points. The algorithm used in the algorithm includes the rotation transformation, the parameter replacement, the regional principle, the maximum value method, the genetic algorithm and the like.4). For the curve (surface) feature that can not ignore type I and type II errors, the segmentation algorithm divides the curve (surface) features to make the segmented subcurve (surface) features overlook the above two types of error; the algorithm simplifies the problem as the maximum curvature point of calculating the curve (surface) features and uses the recursive original. On the basis of the above decision and segmentation algorithm, the degree of freedom parameters of the curve (surface) profile tolerance is extracted and expressed and the corresponding assembly tolerance analysis is completed on the basis of the above decision and segmentation algorithm. First, the geometric size of the curve (surface), the size of tolerance, and the limit of the boundary of tolerance domain are based on the curve (surface) characteristics. It extracts and calculates the range of variation and the mutual constraint relation between them, and then uses the homogeneous coordinate transformation to establish the assembly accumulation relation of the characteristic of the curve (surface). Finally, the assembly tolerance analysis of the curve (surface) characteristics is realized by Monte Carlo method. The whole text is taken as an example of the fork ear component of a certain type of aircraft to verify the proposed side The correctness and reliability of the method. The study of tolerance modeling and analysis around the characteristics of plane curve (surface) provides a rich basic material for the overall study of CAT, which has important theoretical guiding significance and practical value of engineering practice.
【学位授予单位】：西北工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V221
本文编号：2144867
[Abstract]:Computer Aided Tolerancing (CAT) is an important link in product life cycle. It not only helps to share and exchange data in product development, but also provides a systematic and comprehensive method for product precision, quality and cost control. Since it was put forward and developed in 70s, CAT technology has been obtained Compared with other computer aided technology, the development of CAT technology is far behind CAD and the development of CAM technology, which has become one of the bottlenecks that restrict the integration of CAD/CAM. Therefore, it is urgent to develop CAT technology to help realize the integrated development and management of product life cycle. In CAT research, not only should be considered. The tolerance of regular shape features, while taking into account the tolerance of irregular shape features; the characteristic of a curve (surface) as a type of irregular shape, is widely used in mechanical products, even simple mechanical products may have such characteristics. However, there are few CAT studies on the characteristics of the curve (surface), which need further study. Development. In the CAT study, the model developed on the basis of freedom is a widely used model and is the current research hotspot, which is mainly due to the following advantages: (1) support very many geometric features and tolerance types, (2) many tolerance semantic information and rules in the support standard, (3) support The 3D tolerance analysis and verification for the whole tolerance domain, (4) support the automation and intelligent reasoning of tolerance information, (5) it is beneficial to the information sharing and integration between CAT technologies. At the same time, it is suitable for the requirements of the digital assembly coordination of aircraft products. Therefore, this paper is based on the degree of freedom and expands the plane curve (surface). The research of modeling and analysis of the geometric tolerance is aimed at providing a universal solution for the CAT design of plane curve (surface) features, promoting the integration of CAD/CAM and helping to realize the integrated development and management of the product life cycle. The main contents and achievements of the full text are as follows: 1) analysis of the use of freedom to express the contour of the curve (surface). The feasibility of tolerance. In view of the difference between irregular shape features and regular shape features, the problems (first class and second types of degrees of freedom) are analyzed by using the degree of freedom to express the profile degree tolerance of the curve (surface). The corresponding solutions are given by using the approximate method for the first and the second classes of freedom degree. The first and second types of error (also called type I and type II errors) of the degree of freedom are obtained. Therefore, by judging whether the type I and type II errors can be ignored, the profile tolerance.2 of the curve (surface) can be determined whether the degree of freedom can be expressed as a curve (surface).) the building of the curve (surface) profile tolerance is proposed. ASDOF (Assessment, Split, and Degrees of Freedom) method of model and analysis, which consists of two parts: tolerance modeling of curve (surface) features and tolerance analysis of curve (surface) features; the former includes the determination of the variation of degree of freedom, the cutting of the characteristic of the curve (surface), and the extraction and representation of the degree of freedom parameter of the profile degree tolerance. The two parts of the determination of the variation of the degree of freedom and the segmentation of the characteristic of the curve (surface) are used to eliminate the type I and type II errors; the degree of freedom parameters of the contour tolerance are extracted and expressed in the expression of the value interval of the degree of freedom parameters and the expression of their mutual constraints; the tolerance analysis of the curve (surface) features is within the part of the tolerance analysis. The capacity is mainly the assembly accumulation relation of constructing curve (surface) features and the completion of corresponding tolerance analysis.3). The determination method of type I and type II error is proposed, and it is summed up as two decision algorithms. The first algorithm is used to determine the type I error, and the second algorithm is used to determine the type II error. With the help of the two algorithms, it can judge whether or not. The error of type I and type II can be ignored; the algorithm simplifies the problem to the maximum of the calculation error in the implementation process and avoids the infinity judgment caused by the error at all points. The algorithm used in the algorithm includes the rotation transformation, the parameter replacement, the regional principle, the maximum value method, the genetic algorithm and the like.4). For the curve (surface) feature that can not ignore type I and type II errors, the segmentation algorithm divides the curve (surface) features to make the segmented subcurve (surface) features overlook the above two types of error; the algorithm simplifies the problem as the maximum curvature point of calculating the curve (surface) features and uses the recursive original. On the basis of the above decision and segmentation algorithm, the degree of freedom parameters of the curve (surface) profile tolerance is extracted and expressed and the corresponding assembly tolerance analysis is completed on the basis of the above decision and segmentation algorithm. First, the geometric size of the curve (surface), the size of tolerance, and the limit of the boundary of tolerance domain are based on the curve (surface) characteristics. It extracts and calculates the range of variation and the mutual constraint relation between them, and then uses the homogeneous coordinate transformation to establish the assembly accumulation relation of the characteristic of the curve (surface). Finally, the assembly tolerance analysis of the curve (surface) characteristics is realized by Monte Carlo method. The whole text is taken as an example of the fork ear component of a certain type of aircraft to verify the proposed side The correctness and reliability of the method. The study of tolerance modeling and analysis around the characteristics of plane curve (surface) provides a rich basic material for the overall study of CAT, which has important theoretical guiding significance and practical value of engineering practice.
【学位授予单位】：西北工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V221
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