飞机发动机安装设备伺服系统与控制算法研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 07:22

【摘要】：以数控技术为基础的柔性化制造、安装技术,以其优秀的柔性自动化性能而得到广泛关注。以该技术为代表的数字化装配系统,给传统机械制造业带来了巨大变革。飞机发动机作为飞机的动力部件,其安装质量将决定飞机的整体飞行性能。将数字化安装系统应用于飞机发动机安装过程,不仅能提高生产效率、降低成本,更能保证高质量的发动机安装。本文从国内外飞机发动机数字化安装系统的研究现状以及国内飞机发动机安装现场实际情况出发,对飞机发动机数字化安装系统进行了设计,并且针对伺服系统以及控制算法进行了研究。首先,本文根据飞机发动机数字化安装平台的技术指标与功能要求,基于开放式数控系统的设计理念,对控制系统进行了软、硬件的总体设计。在此基础上考虑控制精度指标以及设备的经济性,进行了半闭环的伺服系统结构设计,并且针对机械结构的引入误差建立了机械误差补偿表,实现对机械误差的补偿。其次,针对伺服系统模型未知、系统参数难以获得的实际情况,设计了基于最小二乘法的阶跃响应的系统辨识实验。通过最小二乘法将不同阶次模型对响应曲线进行拟合,将拟合效果最好的模型作为系统等效模型,从而辨识出控制系统模型。根据系统控制精度以及动态响应性能的要求,进行了控制系统位置环控制器的设计,分别对传统PID控制器、遗传优化的PID控制器、BP神经网络PID控制器以及遗传优化的BP神经网络PID控制器的控制效果进行了仿真研究,综合考虑算法复杂程度、控制稳定性以及实际控制指标,选取了遗传优化的PID控制器作为控制系统位置环控制器。最后,针对控制系统各项设计指标,进行了控制系统性能测试实验。通过搭建的控制系统硬件平台以及设计的人机交互软件,进行了控制系统软、硬件系统的联调。针对系统动态响应性能以及定位精度的设计指标,进行了控制系统动态性能实验以及定位精度实验。实验结果表明：设计的控制系统满足动态性能设计要求以及定位精度设计指标,有效地提高了飞机发动机安装效率与安装精度。
[Abstract]:The flexible manufacturing and installation technology based on numerical control technology has been paid more and more attention for its excellent flexible automation performance. The digital assembly system represented by this technology has brought great changes to the traditional mechanical manufacturing industry. Aircraft engine as a power component of aircraft, its installation quality will determine the overall flight performance of the aircraft. The application of the digital installation system to the aircraft engine installation process can not only improve the production efficiency, reduce the cost, but also guarantee the high quality engine installation. In this paper, the digital installation system of aircraft engine is designed based on the status quo of domestic and foreign aircraft engine digital installation system and the actual situation of domestic aircraft engine installation site. And the servo system and control algorithm are studied. Firstly, according to the technical specifications and function requirements of the aircraft engine digital installation platform, based on the design concept of open numerical control system, the software and hardware of the control system are designed. On this basis, considering the control precision index and the economy of the equipment, the structure design of the semi-closed loop servo system is carried out, and the mechanical error compensation table is established for the introduction of the mechanical structure error to realize the compensation of the mechanical error. Secondly, aiming at the actual situation that the servo system model is unknown and the system parameters are difficult to obtain, a step response identification experiment based on the least square method is designed. The response curve is fitted with different order models by the least square method, and the model with the best fitting effect is regarded as the equivalent model of the system, and the control system model is identified. According to the requirements of system control precision and dynamic response performance, the position loop controller of the control system is designed. The control effects of genetic optimization PID controller and genetic optimization BP neural network PID controller are simulated and studied. The algorithm complexity, control stability and actual control index are considered synthetically. The genetic optimization PID controller is selected as the position loop controller of the control system. Finally, the performance of the control system is tested according to the design index of the control system. Through the hardware platform of the control system and the human-computer interactive software, the software and hardware of the control system are adjusted. According to the dynamic response performance of the system and the design index of the positioning accuracy, the dynamic performance experiment and the positioning precision experiment of the control system are carried out. The experimental results show that the designed control system meets the requirements of dynamic performance design and positioning accuracy design, and effectively improves the installation efficiency and accuracy of aircraft engine.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V263;TP273

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