数字敲击检测在航空航天复合材料检测中的应用技术研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 12:27

【摘要】：航空航天事业虽然起步较晚,但是发展迅速,不论在民用还是军用领域,都取得了不可撼动的地位。从航空航天事业的发展轨迹来看,复合材料的发展无疑给其带来了质的飞越。但是,由于复合材料结构复杂,加之各向异性等特殊的属性,使其损伤机理、失效形式以及维修技术等与金属材料有着显著的区别。复合材料应用于航空航天产品之后,如何保证其安全性和可靠性成为当前最引人关注的课题,其中,复合材料的无损检测尤为突出。无损检测因其不会对被检测材料造成损伤的特点,在设计、生产制造和使用的全领域都得到了广泛认可。发展至现在,相对成熟的无损检测方法也已经有数十种,但是每种方法都有其局限性。数字敲击检测作为无损检测的后起之秀,有着其他无损检测不可替代的优势。但是,因为数字敲击检测方法的不成熟,所以其应用较少。本文首先分析了航空航天复合材料的无损检测方法,然后详细介绍了数字敲击检测原理以及使用中存在的问题,并针对其存在问题提出了解决方案,最后将提出的方案进行实验验证。针对数字敲击检测的应用,本文主要解决了一下三方面问题。第一,解决了数字敲击检测无标准流程的问题;第二,解决了数字敲击检测的标准数据获取以及分辨率确定问题;第三,提出了基于数据处理的损伤判定方法。针对以上三个问题的解决方案,本文在第五章进行了验证,并确定了方案的有效性。本文的研究成果,一方面可用于航空航天复合材料设计、生产与使用维护中的无损检测,另一方面可对后来数字敲击检测的研究提供思路和依据,以使数字敲击检测的理论更加完善,应用更加广泛。
[Abstract]:Although the aerospace industry started late, it has developed rapidly and has gained an unshakable position in both civil and military fields. Judging from the development of aerospace industry, the development of composite materials has undoubtedly brought a qualitative leap. However, due to the complexity of composite structure and anisotropy, the damage mechanism, failure form and maintenance technology of composite materials are different from those of metal materials. How to ensure the safety and reliability of composite materials has become the most interesting subject after its application in aerospace products, among which, the nondestructive testing of composite materials is particularly prominent. Nondestructive testing (NDT) has been widely recognized in the design, manufacture and use of materials because it does not cause damage to the tested materials. At present, there are dozens of relatively mature nondestructive testing methods, but each method has its limitations. As the rising star of nondestructive testing, digital knock detection has the irreplaceable advantage of other nondestructive testing. However, the digital knock detection method is not mature, so its application is less. In this paper, the nondestructive testing method of aerospace composite materials is analyzed, then the principle of digital knock detection and the problems in application are introduced in detail, and the solutions to the problems are put forward. Finally, the proposed scheme is verified experimentally. Aiming at the application of digital knock detection, this paper mainly solves three problems. First, the problem of digital knock detection without standard flow is solved; second, the problem of digital knock detection standard data acquisition and resolution determination is solved; third, the damage detection method based on data processing is proposed. In the fifth chapter, we verify the solutions to the above three problems, and determine the effectiveness of the scheme. On the one hand, it can be used for nondestructive testing in the design, production and maintenance of aerospace composite materials, on the other hand, it can provide ideas and basis for the later research on digital knock detection. In order to make the theory of digital knock detection more perfect, more widely used.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：V250.2

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