载人飞船钝头体返回舱减速着陆组合方式对比

发布时间：2018-12-17 12:34

【摘要】：载人飞船返回舱减速着陆方式的选择直接关系到航天员的生命安全,是载人飞船总体方案设计中至关重要的一个环节。文章调研了美国、俄罗斯等国正在研制的新一代载人飞船减速着陆设计方案,以国际上广泛采用的钝头体外形返回舱减速着陆设计为研究对象,并以7t量级的钝头体外形返回舱减速着陆过程为例,对比分析了群伞减速组合气囊缓冲着陆、群伞减速组合反推发动机缓冲着陆、翼伞减速组合滑撬缓冲着陆、发动机减速组合着陆腿缓冲着陆、群伞减速组合发动机和着陆腿缓冲着陆、群伞减速组合发动机和气囊缓冲着陆等六种减速着陆组合方式的特点,估算了每种组合的系统质量和容积需求,并从系统质量、空间布局、环境适应性、可靠性安全性、舱体损伤程度等方面对不同方案进行了比较分析,为飞船总体设计部门开展返回舱减速着陆方案设计提供参考。
[Abstract]:The selection of deceleration and landing mode for manned spacecraft is directly related to the safety of astronauts and is a crucial link in the overall design of manned spacecraft. This paper investigates a new generation of manned spacecraft deceleration and landing design which is being developed by the United States, Russia and other countries, and takes the blunt-body shape return cabin deceleration landing design widely used in the world as the research object. Taking the deceleration landing process of 7 t blunt body shape return cabin as an example, this paper compares and analyzes the buffer landing of the parachute deceleration combined airbag, the combined parachute deceleration engine buffer landing, and the parachute deceleration combination slide sledge buffer landing. The characteristics of six kinds of deceleration landing combination modes, such as engine deceleration combined landing leg buffer landing, parachute deceleration combined engine and airbag buffer landing, etc. The system quality and volume requirements of each combination are estimated, and the different schemes are compared and analyzed in terms of system quality, spatial layout, environmental adaptability, reliability and safety, damage degree of the cabin, etc. It provides a reference for the overall design department of the spacecraft to design the deceleration landing scheme of the return capsule.
【作者单位】：南京航空航天大学航空宇航学院;中国空间技术研究院载人航天总体部;
【基金】：国家重大科技专项工程
【分类号】：V525

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