航天器真空热环境试验设备热沉翅片结构焊接加工方法研究

发布时间：2019-01-30 21:13

【摘要】：空间环境模拟设备是进行卫星检测的重要工具,而其中热沉部件是实现整个设备模拟冷黑环境的关键部件,工作环境恶劣,且对工作稳定性的要求很高,其材料的选择与加工工艺一直是国内外研究的热点问题。论文针对空间模拟室中热沉结构的特点,设计并实现了适合不锈钢管-铜翅片组合热沉结构焊接的自动TIG焊设备,并对焊接工艺方法进行了试验研究,在检测分析的基础上进行了工艺参数优化。论文的主要工作如下:(1)选择合适的不锈钢和铜翅片材料进行焊接工艺研究,通过对0Cr18Ni9、1Cr18Ni9Ti、紫铜T2、无氧铜TU2四种材料的焊接试验的焊接缺陷进行比较,不锈钢0Cr18Ni9与紫铜T2焊后焊接接头处无明显焊接裂纹,确定作为热沉结构材料。针对热沉结构的焊接特点,研制了一套自动焊装置,提高了不锈钢-铜翅片的焊接效率和质量。(2)针对自动焊试验装置的技术要求,研制的自动焊装置系统主要由机械系统、伺服控制系统、气动控制系统三部分组成。机械系统保证不锈钢管与铜翅片的紧密贴合,伺服控制系统实现了焊枪沿直线焊缝的纵向移动,并且可以灵活设定其速度曲线,气动控制系统实现了对于工件的矫正、压紧与拆卸,且过程中平稳无冲击。(3)对焊接电流与焊接速度进行初步匹配试验,进行优化以提高工作效率,确定了焊接电流与焊接速度的匹配值等参数的可选范围。试验结果表明,0Cr18Ni9Ti与T2焊接时,焊缝处未出现裂纹,选择为试验材料。(4)采用控制变量法设计了焊接工艺试验,分别研究了焊接电流与焊接速度的匹配组合、焊接角度(焊枪与焊缝的角度)、焊接距离(焊枪嘴与焊缝的距离)对于焊缝成形的影响规律,利用氦质谱检漏、X射线探伤、金相组织分析等检测手段对焊接质量进行了评价,综合分析、对比之下,得到了优化的工艺参数,并进一步制定了加工工艺流程和规范。本论文研制的自动焊接设备,为以后的工艺试验提供了很好的平台,同时对于其他自动化焊接设备也有很好地参考和借鉴意义;本论文所做的工艺试验及后续的检测分析,为进一步深入研究异种金属焊接尤其是铜钢焊接打下了较好的基础;因此,本课题不仅很好地解决了空间环境模拟设备组合结构形式的热沉制造难题,也对异种金属焊接技术的发展起到了积极的促进作用。
[Abstract]:The space environment simulation equipment is an important tool for satellite detection, and the heat sink component is the key component to realize the simulation of the cold black environment of the whole equipment. The working environment is bad and the requirement of working stability is very high. The selection of materials and processing technology has been a hot issue at home and abroad. According to the characteristics of the heat sink structure in the space simulation chamber, the automatic TIG welding equipment suitable for the welding of stainless steel tube and copper fin composite heat sink structure is designed and realized, and the welding process method is studied experimentally. The process parameters were optimized on the basis of detection and analysis. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the welding process of stainless steel and copper fin is studied. The welding defects of 0Cr18Ni9Cr18Ni9Ti, T2, TU2 are compared. There is no obvious welding crack in the welded joint of stainless steel 0Cr18Ni9 and copper T2 after welding. According to the welding characteristics of heat sink structure, a set of automatic welding device is developed to improve the welding efficiency and quality of stainless steel and copper fin. (2) according to the technical requirements of automatic welding test device, The automatic welding device system is mainly composed of mechanical system, servo control system and pneumatic control system. The mechanical system ensures the tight alignment of stainless steel tube and copper fin. The servo control system realizes the longitudinal movement of the welding gun along the straight line weld, and can set the velocity curve flexibly. The pneumatic control system realizes the correction of the workpiece. Compaction and disassembly, and smooth and no impact during the process. (3) the welding current and welding speed of the preliminary matching test, optimization to improve working efficiency, determine the welding current and welding speed of matching parameters such as the optional range. The test results show that there is no crack in the weld seam of 0Cr18Ni9Ti and T2 welding, so it is selected as the test material. (4) the welding process test is designed by using the control variable method, and the matching combination of welding current and welding speed is studied respectively. The influence of welding angle (angle of welding torch and weld seam), welding distance (distance between welding torch nozzle and weld seam) on weld formation, leak detection by helium mass spectrometry, X-ray flaw detection, The welding quality was evaluated by means of metallographic microstructure analysis. By comprehensive analysis and comparison, the optimized process parameters were obtained, and the process flow and specifications were further developed. The automatic welding equipment developed in this paper provides a good platform for the process test in the future, at the same time, it has a good reference and reference significance for other automatic welding equipment. The process test and subsequent testing and analysis in this paper have laid a good foundation for further research on dissimilar metal welding, especially copper steel welding. Therefore, this subject not only solves the heat sink manufacturing problem of space environment simulation equipment combination structure, but also plays an active role in promoting the development of dissimilar metal welding technology.
【学位授予单位】：国防科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：V416.8

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