固体推进剂羽流红外辐射特性的测试技术研究

发布时间：2019-03-01 17:33

【摘要】：固体火箭发动机羽流产生的强红外辐射是飞行器的重要特征信号,一方面成为军事侦察红外目标的依据,另一方面成为监控发动机机械故障的红外迹象。因此,羽流红外辐射特性的研究对于红外探测制导技术和军用隐身技术,以及固体推进剂配方的改良设计都具有十分重要的意义。推进剂的燃烧过程是一种剧烈变化、非稳态的状态,本文采用被动式遥感FTIR光谱测试技术,实时、原位、高效地对推进剂燃烧火焰红外辐射特性进行深入分析。首先对FTIR红外光谱仪进行多点线性和非线性标定实验,探讨了仪器响应函数随温度、分辨率、光圈的变化规律。研究发现,多点非线性定标法能够更准确地获得红外发射谱。同一测试距离下,仪器响应函数随光谱分辨率的减小而减小,随光圈的增大而增大。当仪器接收信号较弱时,随温度的升高而减小；反之接收信号较强时,仪器响应函数随温度的升高缓慢增大最终维持在平稳的状态。其次,对两种固体推进剂的羽流展开了红外辐射特性的测试研究,获得了羽流的红外发射光谱图,对其进行计算分析,并得到燃烧火焰绝对辐射能量分布、羽流温度、气体产物种类及浓度等相关信息。研究表明,含铝推进剂总辐射能量为106.767W/Sr,而NEPE推进剂总辐射能量为61.084 W/Sr,且理论温度计算结果接近羽流实际温度,含铝推进剂羽流温度3500K,理论温度3000K左右；NEPE推进剂羽流温度约1500K,理论温度1400K。进一步验证了分子基带振转光谱测温法的简便性和实用性。根据Lambert-Beer定律,计算了推进剂燃烧气体主产物的浓度。这项研究结果可应用于复合推进剂配方的改良,从而研发出具有高能量、低特征信号的推进剂。最后,利用自编写的一套羽流温度校准软件,采用比色测温数据与红外热像仪的测温数据相互校正,得到了羽流的真实发射率,从而反演出羽流实际的温度。结果发现,这种校准方法得到的发射率具有可靠性。
[Abstract]:The strong infrared radiation generated by the plume of solid rocket motor is an important characteristic signal of aircraft, on the one hand, it becomes the basis of military reconnaissance infrared target, on the other hand, it becomes the infrared sign of monitoring engine mechanical failure. Therefore, the study of plume infrared radiation characteristics is of great significance for infrared detection guidance technology and military stealth technology, as well as for improving the design of solid propellant formulation. The combustion process of propellant is a kind of drastic change and unsteady state. In this paper, the infrared radiation characteristics of propellant combustion flame are deeply analyzed in real time, in situ and efficiently by using passive remote sensing FTIR spectrum measurement technology. First, the multi-point linear and nonlinear calibration experiments of FTIR infrared spectrometer are carried out, and the variation rule of the instrument response function with temperature, resolution and aperture is discussed. It is found that the multi-point nonlinear calibration method can obtain the infrared emission spectrum more accurately. At the same test distance, the response function of the instrument decreases with the decrease of spectral resolution and increases with the increase of aperture. When the receiving signal of the instrument is weak, it decreases with the increase of the temperature, and the response function of the instrument increases slowly with the increase of the temperature when the receiving signal is strong, and the response function of the instrument is maintained in a steady state at last. Secondly, the infrared radiation characteristics of the plume of two kinds of solid propellant are tested and studied, the infrared emission spectrum of the plume is obtained, and the absolute radiation energy distribution and plume temperature of the combustion flame are obtained, and the infrared emission spectrum of the plume is calculated and analyzed. Related information such as the type and concentration of gas products. The results show that the total radiation energy of aluminized propellant is 106.767W / Sr, while the total radiation energy of NEPE propellant is 61.084 W, and the calculated results of theoretical temperature are close to the actual plume temperature, the plume temperature of aluminized propellant is 3500K and the theoretical temperature is about 3000K. The plume temperature of NEPE propellant is about 1500K and the theoretical temperature is 1400K. Furthermore, it is proved that the method of molecular baseband vibration-rotation spectrum temperature measurement is simple and practical. According to Lambert-Beer 's law, the concentration of main products in propellant combustion gas is calculated. The results of this study can be applied to the improvement of composite propellant formulation, and the propellant with high energy and low characteristic signal can be developed. Finally, using a set of plume temperature calibration software written by ourselves, we use the colorimetric temperature measurement data and the infrared thermal image data to calibrate each other, and get the true emissivity of the plume, so that the actual plume temperature can be inverted. The results show that the emissivity obtained by this calibration method is reliable.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：V512

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