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生物模板法氧化物敏感材料的制备及其气敏特性研究

发布时间:2018-04-27 05:02

  本文选题:半导体氧化物 + 生物模板 ; 参考:《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文


【摘要】:气体传感器广泛应用在大气污染气体、有毒有害气体、易燃易爆气体的检测上。在各种气体检测方法中,半导体氧化物气体传感器受到极大重视,作为核心部分,半导体氧化物的成分、形貌结构等对气敏性能提升有直接相关性,多孔分级结构是气敏材料的理想结构。然而由于合成工艺和技术的限制,构筑多孔分级结构存在较多问题,如结构简单、类型单一、缺乏一致性和有序性等。生物模板法以大自然中纷繁多样的物种为模板,利用表面特定化学官能团在合成过程中的诱导或限制,完好复制模板形貌、微观结构,获得高度分级多孔、一致性、有序性的新材料。本论文采用生物模板法制备氧化物敏感材料,并研究其气敏性能。论文包括如下工作:以脱脂棉为模板,结合溶剂热、超声、浸渍等多种制备工艺,制备纤维状Sn02材料。表征其形貌结构,同时测试了不同方法制备的Sn02材料的气敏性,以浸渍法制备的材料对乙醇有较高的敏感性。在脱脂棉模板浸渍法的基础上合成出不同浓度Ce02复合Sn02基材料,利用对其进行TG/DSC、XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM、BET、FTIR表征,气敏性测试表明掺入Ce提高了材料的丙酮敏感性,分析复合材料敏感机理。以油菜花粉为模板制备表面三维多孔骨架网状Sn02以及A1掺杂材料,对其微观结构、成分进行表征,测试材料的乙醇敏感性,实验结果表明掺杂A1提高了材料的乙醇敏感性、选择性同时降低了工作温度。以柚子皮为模板制备褶皱片层膜状Sn02材料,并表征其形貌、微观结构、电子态等,研究模板化合成机理,测试材料对甲醛的气敏性,结果表明材料对甲醛气体具有低的工作温度和高的响应值、选择性、稳定性,同时湿度对其敏感性有影响。对柚子皮模板Sn02材料进行不同浓度贵金属Pd掺杂,对其微观结构、电子态等进行表征,甲醛气体气敏测试结果显示掺杂降低材料的工作温度,对掺杂后敏感机理进行研究。以柚子皮为模板制备W03材料,对模板化合成机理进行探究,表征其微观特性,测试其气敏性,结果表明材料对甲苯气体具有高的响应值、选择性。从XRD、SEM、EDS、BET、平均粒径、孔径分布、孔隙率等角度对上述三种模板制备Sn02材料进行对比分析,初步阐述了生物模板法制备材料的模板化合成过程。同时对比不同模板制备Sn02材料的气敏特性,包括敏感气体、响应值、最佳工作温度、选择性、长期稳定性等,并从表面结构、粒径、孔道、比表面积等方面对Sn02材料气敏性的差异给出初步解释。
[Abstract]:Gas sensors are widely used in the detection of air pollution gases, toxic and harmful gases and flammable and explosive gases. Semiconductor oxide gas sensors have received great attention in various gas detection methods. As a core part, the composition, morphology and structure of semiconductor oxides are directly related to the enhancement of gas sensing performance. Porous graded structure is the ideal structure of gas sensing materials. However, due to the limitation of synthesis process and technology, there are many problems in constructing porous hierarchical structure, such as simple structure, single type, lack of consistency and order, etc. The biological template method takes the diverse species of nature as the template, using the inducement or restriction of specific chemical functional groups on the surface during the synthesis process, perfectly replicating the morphology and microstructure of the template, and obtaining highly hierarchical porous and consistent. A new material of order. In this paper, oxide sensitive materials were prepared by biological template method and their gas sensing properties were studied. The main work of this paper is as follows: the fiber Sn02 material is prepared by using degreased cotton as template, combined with solvothermal, ultrasonic, impregnation and other preparation processes. The morphology and structure of Sn02 were characterized and the gas sensitivity of Sn02 materials prepared by different methods was tested. The materials prepared by impregnation were highly sensitive to ethanol. Based on the template impregnation method, Ce02 composite Sn02 based materials with different concentrations were synthesized and characterized by TG- / DSC-XRDX / EDRDX (EDR) Tem Tem IR. The results of gas sensitivity test showed that the addition of ce increased the acetone sensitivity of the composites, and analyzed the sensitive mechanism of the composites. Three dimensional porous skeleton reticular Sn02 and A1 doped materials were prepared by using rape pollen as template. The microstructure and composition of the materials were characterized. The ethanol sensitivity of the materials was tested. The experimental results showed that Al doping increased the ethanol sensitivity of the materials. The selectivity decreases the working temperature at the same time. The lamellar Sn02 material was prepared by using pomelo peel as template, and its morphology, microstructure and electronic state were characterized. The mechanism of templating synthesis was studied and the gas sensitivity of the material to formaldehyde was tested. The results show that the material has low working temperature, high response value, selectivity, stability and humidity on the sensitivity of formaldehyde gas. Grapefruit template Sn02 was doped with noble metal PD with different concentrations, and its microstructure and electronic state were characterized. The results of formaldehyde gas sensing test showed that the doping reduced the working temperature of the material, and the mechanism of the doping was studied. W03 was prepared by using pomelo peel as template. The mechanism of template synthesis was investigated, its microscopic properties were characterized and its gas sensitivity was tested. The results showed that the material had high response value and selectivity to toluene gas. From the point of view of XRD-SEMS-BET, average particle size, pore size distribution, porosity and so on, the preparation of Sn02 materials by the above three templates was compared and analyzed, and the process of template synthesis of the materials prepared by biological template method was preliminarily described. At the same time, the gas-sensing properties of Sn02 materials prepared by different templates were compared, including sensitive gas, response value, optimum working temperature, selectivity, long-term stability, and surface structure, particle size, pore channel, etc. The differences in gas sensitivity of Sn02 materials are explained in terms of specific surface area.
【学位授予单位】:大连理工大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:TQ134.32;TP212

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