环境治理的社会规范路径

发布时间：2017-12-27 02:20

本文关键词：环境治理的社会规范路径　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2016年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：环境问题的根源在于人类的行为,引导个体实施环境友好行为是环境治理的基本思路。环境社会规范会对环境行为产生重要的影响,是环境治理的重要路径。本研究在阐述社会规范的种类及其作用机制的基础上,借鉴环境社会规范激活的相关理论,阐明环境社会规范激活的影响因素及环境社会规范作用于环境行为的基本机理,分析中国环境社会规范激活存在的障碍,提出政府通过促进环境社会规范的激活来治理环境所应当采取的措施。研究结论表明,整体环境社会规范的激活水平决定着环境社会规范对环境行为的作用力,其取决于相互影响的环境描述性规范、环境命令性规范、环境个人规范的激活水平以及外部约束条件。由于受到客观物质生活条件的制约,中国环境社会规范的激活存在一些障碍,导致环境社会规范激活处于较低的水平,这些主要的障碍包括环境消极描述性规范反向作用大、环境个人规范激活水平低和行为的成本、行为的技术障碍、行为的便利性等外部因素的制约突出。在此,提出的建议是政府相关部门可以采取积极措施,通过提高环境社会规范的激活水平来达到环境治理的目标。政府相关部门可通过描述性规范信息的传递提高环境描述性规范激活水平。环境宣传教育中通过生态价值观确立、环境污染行为不利后果的明确认知、环境不利后果避免的正确归因来提高环境个人规范的激活水平。通过降低遵守环境社会规范的难度和成本消除环境社会规范激活的外部制约因素。通过完善环境立法并强化环境法的实施可有效提高环境描述性规范、环境命令性规范、环境个人规范的激活水平,从而提高整体环境社会规范的激活水平。
[Abstract]:The root of environmental problems lies in human behavior. It is the basic idea of environmental governance to guide the individual to implement environmental friendly behavior. Environmental social norms will have an important impact on environmental behavior, and it is an important path for environmental governance. This study based on expounding the types of social norms and mechanism, based on the relevant theory of environmental social norm activation, clarify the mechanism of the effect of social norms environmental factors and environmental activation of the role of social norms in environmental behavior, analysis of the existing environment of social norms China activation barriers, put forward to promote environmental governance by government should adopt the measures of activating social norms environment. The research findings indicate that the activation level of the whole environmental social norm determines the force of environmental social norms on environmental behavior, which depends on the descriptive norms of environmental impact, the environmental imperative norms, the activation level of environmental personal norms and the external constraints. Due to the restriction of objective material conditions of life, environment and social norms China activation of some obstacles, leading to environmental social norm activation in the lower level, the main obstacles include negative environmental effects, descriptive norms reverse personal norm activation low level and behavior of the cost, behavior of technical barriers, the behavior of convenience external factors such as the restriction of. Here, the proposal is that the relevant government departments can take positive measures to achieve the goal of environmental governance by raising the level of the activation of environmental and social norms. The relevant government departments can improve the level of the activation of the environmental descriptive norms through the transfer of descriptive and normative information. In environmental publicity and education, we can improve the activation level of environmental personal norms through establishing the establishment of ecological values, the explicit cognition of adverse consequences of environmental pollution behavior and the correct attribution of adverse consequences of environment. By reducing the difficulty and cost of compliance with environmental social norms, the external constraints activated by environmental social norms are eliminated. By improving the environmental legislation and strengthening the implementation of environmental law, we can effectively improve the level of environmental descriptive norms, environmental imperative norms and the activation of environmental personal norms, so as to improve the activation level of the overall environmental and social norms.
【作者单位】：青岛科技大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“环境法实施效率研究”(批准号:13BFX130)
【分类号】：X32
【正文快照】： 当今的世界面临越来越严重的环境问题,特别在我们国家,环境污染存在着恶化的趋势,如何有效地治理环境这一问题的解决比任何时候更为迫切。当下环境治理措施更多诉诸于经济的、行政的和法律的手段,却忽视了社会规范的作用。实际上,社会规范在协调人类的事务中扮演了重要的角色[

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