农村生活与农田灌溉混合污水人工湿地处理模式与效果分析

发布时间：2017-12-27 06:24

本文关键词：农村生活与农田灌溉混合污水人工湿地处理模式与效果分析　出处：《中南林业科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水是人类生存和发展中必不可少的重要自然资源。随着我国工业化、城镇化和农业现代化进程的加快,如何提高工业、农业和生活污水处理水平和处理率,减少水污染对国民经济可持续发展的负面影响,是水生态文明建设的重要任务,而对于资金缺乏、污水处理率低、污水产生量大且分散的小型城镇及农村地区,研究经济可行的污水处理工艺模式并应用于工程实践,具有重要意义。本文分析了农村生活污水与农田灌溉污水的特点、处理工艺及相关案例,然后以攸州公园为例,探讨了人工湿地处理生活与农田灌溉混合污水处理的工艺模式,并对工艺模式的运行效果进行了研究,结果表明：(1)农村生活污水具有广泛性、分散性,来源多,增长快等污染特点,农田灌溉污水具有随机性、蔓延性、难监测性、时空变化性、污染的滞后性和潜在威胁性等污染特点,我国农村往往这两种污水同时存在。因此,对两种混合污水进行处理十分必要；人工湿地与其他污水处理技术相比,具出水水质稳定、抗冲击力强、操作简单、建设及运行费用低、污染物去除效果好且兼具美学价值等优点,适合我国国情,尤其是满足农村污水处理要求。分析国内外人工湿地技术在生活污水、农业点源、面源污染以及富营养化水体等污水处理的成功应用,表明选用人工湿地处理农村生活与农田灌溉混合污水具有创新性和可行性。(2)通过对攸州公园水质污染成因、进水水质分析,根据出水水质与水量的要求,确定采用“表流-潜流-表流”三级串联人工湿地组合模式,将生活污水与农田灌溉混合污水进行处理。工程建设规模：生活污水进水量和农田灌溉污水进水量混合后总量1500m3/日,总面积：1500 m2；测定进水水质为：生活污水COD:180.01 mg/L、TP:5.96 mg/L、TN:65.09 mg/L、NH3-N:42.51mg/L,农田灌溉污水COD:50.08 mg/L、TP:2.63 mg/L、TN:25.09 mg/L、NH3-N:20.65mg/L;设计出水水质达到GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。(3)对人工湿地系统运行后进出水水质、植物生长情况、植物体内N、P含量、植物根系微生物进行了分析,结果表明：出水中COD、TP、TN、NH3-N含量分别为40.56mg/L、0.55mg/L、10.55mg/L、5.55mg/L,达到了GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。系统中植物生长良好,根系发达,根际微生物丰富,且景观效果较好。
[Abstract]:Water is an essential natural resource in the survival and development of human beings. As China's industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, how to improve the industry, agriculture and life sewage treatment level and treatment rate, reduce the negative impact of water pollution on the sustainable development of the national economy, is an important task of water ecological civilization construction, and for the lack of funds, sewage treatment rate is low, the large amount of wastewater produced and scattered small towns and rural areas, the research process of sewage treatment economically feasible and should be used in engineering practice, has important significance. This paper analyzes the rural sewage irrigation and sewage treatment process, characteristics and relevant cases, and then to Yau State Park as an example, discusses the artificial wetland treatment of life dealing with mixed sewage irrigation process model, and the operating effect of process mode were studied, results showed that: (1) rural sewage has extensive, decentralized, multiple sources of fast growth, pollution characteristics, sewage irrigation is random, spread, difficult to monitor, spatial and temporal variability, pollution characteristics and potential threats of lag of pollution in rural areas of China, the two sewage often exist at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to two kinds of mixed sewage treatment; compared with other artificial wetland sewage treatment technology, with stable effluent quality, strong shock resistance, simple operation, low construction and operation cost, the pollutant removal effect is good and has the advantages of aesthetic value, suitable for the national conditions of our country, especially to meet the requirements of rural sewage treatment. The successful application of constructed wetland technology in domestic sewage, agricultural point source, non-point source pollution and eutrophication water treatment is analyzed. It shows that it is innovative and feasible to choose constructed wetland to treat the mixed sewage of rural life and farmland irrigation. (2) through the analysis of the causes of water quality, water pollution water park Yau state, according to the water quality and quantity requirements, determine the "surface flow subsurface flow and surface flow artificial wetland combination model three series, sewage irrigation and mixed sewage. Construction scale: the amount of water and sewage irrigation sewage water volume 1500m3/, the amount of mixed total area: 1500 m2; Determination of water quality: COD:180.01 mg/L, TP:5.96 sewage mg/L, TN:65.09, mg/L NH3-N:42.51mg/L, COD:50.08 /L, Mg sewage irrigation TP:2.63 mg/L, TN:25.09 mg/L, NH3-N:20.65mg/L; design the effluent quality reached GB 18918-2002 "cities sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard" level A standard. (3) the artificial wetland system after running out of the water quality, plant growth, N and P content in plants, plant roots and microorganisms were analyzed, the results showed that COD, TP, TN, NH3-N, 0.55mg/L contents were 40.56mg/L, 10.55mg/L and 5.55mg/L in the effluent reached GB 18918-2002, the "urban sewage treatment plant pollutant" the discharge standard of grade A standards. In the system, the plants grow well, the root system is developed, the rhizosphere microbes are rich and the landscape effect is good.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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