井下文氏尾气净化装置的研制及实验应用研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 06:34

本文关键词：井下文氏尾气净化装置的研制及实验应用研究　出处：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：柴油设备排放尾气中的有害物质,是矿山井下封闭空间内不容忽视的职业危害因素。井下柴油设备在高效采矿、出矿时,其排放的尾气也在污染井下生产空气环境。碳烟颗粒等污染物在工作面和运输巷道中弥漫,不仅降低了工作环境的能见度,还成为井下作业人员的严重职业危害因素。老厂锡矿13-8#采区地处高海拔地区,空气相对稀薄,矿井新鲜空气供给困难,使得所用各类柴油机尾气净化装置的效果在井下都大打折扣,尾气排放职业危害治理的问题突出。对矿井柴油设备的尾气,一般宜采用加强矿井通风、机载净化装置和环境净化装置三种措施进行综合治理。其中,井下环境的尾气净化装置,除设置水幕外,目前尚未见成熟的成果面世。本文所研究的文氏管尾气净化装置,就是为了满足井下尾气环境的空气净化而产生的技术创新课题。本文在文氏管除尘理论的指导下,研究了文氏管除尘器用以去除粒径小于0.1μm的粉尘粒子和气态污染物的可能性。在设计中,强化了井下文氏尾气净化装置结构简单、占地面积小、操作及维修方便的优点。遵从技术开发的规律,从理论分析到选型,再到实验室模拟试验、工业实验装置设计制作及试验改进,以及井下现场试验验证,较为完整地进行了这一新型安全设施的开发与实验应用工作。为了弥补现场实验条件不能通过参数调整进行多组试验的不足,本文通过建立CFD数值模拟模型,利用在老厂锡矿13-8#采区文氏尾气净化装置现场试验的实测数据,对井下文氏尾气净化装置的碳烟净化效果进行了再现。在验证模拟模型有效性的基础上,证明了采用论文设计的净化装置解决矿井井下巷道碳烟污染问题的可行性。根据现场试验及数值模拟分析,得到以下结论：1)实验室模拟试验过程中,在“大风量、高水压”试验条件下,井下文氏尾气净化装置模型碳烟净化率最高,达到70%；2)现场试验中,地面试验阶段测得井下文氏尾气净化装置除碳烟效率最高可达46.9%；而在井下试验条件较为苛刻情况下测得该净化装置的除碳烟效率为36.5%；3)CFD模拟计算得到,当井下文氏尾气净化装置入口风速达到20m/s时,净化装置入口前巷道中碳烟浓度降低的区域范围占净化装置前巷道空间的96%左右；而当入口风速不断降低时,碳烟浓度降低的区域范围依次缩小。
[Abstract]:The harmful substances in exhaust emission from diesel equipment are the occupational hazard factors that can not be ignored in the closed underground space of the mine. The exhaust gas from the downhole diesel equipment is also polluting the air environment under the high efficiency mining and mining. Soot particles and other pollutants diffuse in the working face and transportation lanes, which not only reduces the visibility of the working environment, but also becomes a serious occupational hazard factor for downhole operators. The 13-8# mining area of the old factory tin mine is located in the high altitude area, the air is relatively thin, and the fresh air supply of the mine is difficult, which makes the exhaust gas purification device of all kinds of diesel engine being greatly reduced in the underground, and the problem of occupational hazard management is outstanding. In general, three measures such as strengthening mine ventilation, airborne purification equipment and environmental purification equipment should be adopted for comprehensive treatment of exhaust gas of mine diesel equipment. Among them, the tail gas purification device in the downhole environment has not yet seen the mature results, except the water curtain. The venturi tube tail gas purification device studied in this paper is a technical innovation subject to meet the air purification in the downhole tail gas environment. Under the guidance of the dusting theory of Venturi tube, the possibility of removing dust particles and gaseous pollutants with particle size less than 0.1 u m is studied. In the design, the Ishita Wenji tail gas purification device has the advantages of simple structure, small area, easy operation and maintenance. Following the rule of technological development, from theoretical analysis to selection, and then to laboratory simulation test, industrial experiment device design and production improvement, as well as underground field test and verification, the development and experimental application of this new safety facility have been carried out. In order to remedy the deficiency of field experimental conditions can not be many groups of experiments by adjusting parameters, the paper establishes the CFD numerical simulation model, using measured data cleaning device field test in the Laochang Tin mining area 13-8# venturi tail gas, the purification effect of the well below the soot's exhaust gas purification device for reproduction. On the basis of verifying the validity of the simulation model, the feasibility of using the purification device designed by the paper to solve the problem of carbon smoke pollution in the mine tunnel is proved. According to the analysis of field test and numerical simulation, obtained the following conclusions: 1) the laboratory simulation test process, in the "large volume, high water pressure test conditions, Ishita Wenji exhaust purification device model soot purifying the highest rate of 70%; 2) the field test, the ground test stage measured Ishita Wenji exhaust gas purification device for removing carbon smoke the highest efficiency is 46.9%; while in the underground test conditions measured by the purification device in addition to soot efficiency of 36.5%; 3) CFD calculation results, as well as exhaust gas purification device's entrance wind speed reached 20m/ s, purification area in front of the entrance tunnel device soot concentration reduced for purifying device before the roadway space about 96%; and when the wind speed decreases when the entrance area, soot concentration decreased gradually decreasing.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X701

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