5.12地震重灾区灾后生态功能恢复效应评价

发布时间：2017-12-27 10:45

本文关键词：5.12地震重灾区灾后生态功能恢复效应评价　出处：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2008年5月12日,我国四川省汶川区域发生了里氏8.0级特大地震。此次地震不仅对灾区居民的人身安全、社会生活产生了巨大影响,震区山地生态系统的结构、生态系统功能也受到重度破坏。地震产生了大量的地质灾害易发点,山体滑坡、土壤崩塌、泥石流等灾害频发,对生态系统威胁巨大。地震破坏区生态系统的总体恢复程度,区域的恢复效果,重点恢复区域的划定是震后生态恢复工作中的重要信息。进行地震重灾区灾后生态功能恢复效应评价工作,明确地震对生态环境的影响和生态系统功能的恢复情况,对于科学管理灾区生态环境,制定中长期生态恢复规划具有极其重要的现实意义和科学价值。本研究结合5·12地震重灾区生态功能特点和遥感解译技术,首先建立生态系统服务功能恢复效应评估指标体系,从水土保持、水源涵养和生物多样性三个方面对地震重灾区十个县市灾后生态功能恢复效应进行评价。结果表明,震后五年地震受损地区的生态系统整体有所恢复,但均未达到震前水平。地震显著改变了各县市的水土保持功能,震后五年十个县市水土保持功能均有所提高,青川、平武局部区域改善明显,安县、彭州、茂县、都江堰局部区域仍有恶化趋势。各县市除安县、彭州外,水源涵养能力总体均有所恢复,北川、茂县局部呈下降趋势。震后五年来,除安县、北川外其余各县市生物多样性维持功能均有所恢复。同时,本研究对地震重灾区十个县市灾后受损体植被土壤进行定点采样,进行受损体植被土壤恢复评价。实验结果表明,从2011到2013年,地处龙门山南坡的彭州、什邡、都江堰、绵竹、安县、北川受损体土壤营养物质有所恢复。地处干旱河谷地带的汶川、茂县滑坡地带,土壤营养物质没有恢复,土壤肥力有所下降。最后,本研究基于灾区生态恢复现状,提出在今后地震生态恢复规划中,采用自然恢复与人工干预相结合的方法,兼顾自然与社会、经济的和谐,对本次地震造成破坏的生态区域,统筹规划、着眼全局、逐步推进。依据地震极重灾区生态脆弱性分区,因地制宜,实施相应的生态恢复对策。
[Abstract]:In May 12, 2008, the 8 magnitude earthquake of the Richter scale occurred in the Wenchuan region of Sichuan province. The earthquake not only has a great impact on the personal safety and social life of the residents in the disaster area, but also has serious damage to the structure and ecosystem function of the mountain ecosystem. The earthquake produced a large number of geological disaster prone points, landslides, soil collapse, debris flow and other disasters, the threat to the ecosystem is huge. The overall restoration degree of the ecosystem in the earthquake damage area, the recovery effect of the region and the delimit of the key restoration areas are important information in the recovery work after the earthquake. Are the hardest hit by the earthquake disaster recovery of the ecological function effect evaluation, clear seismic effects on the ecological environment and ecosystem function restoration, the scientific management of the ecological environment in the affected area, the development of long-term ecological restoration planning has extremely important practical significance and scientific value. On the basis of the 5 - 12 earthquake disaster area ecological function and characteristics of remote sensing technology, the first to establish the ecosystem service function effect evaluation index system of recovery from water and soil conservation, water conservation and biodiversity in the three aspects of the earthquake disaster area ten counties disaster ecological function recovery effect evaluation. The results show that the whole ecosystem of the damaged area after the earthquake of five years after the earthquake has recovered, but all did not reach the level before the earthquake. The earthquake significantly changed the function of soil and water conservation in counties and cities. In the five years after the earthquake, the functions of soil and water conservation in ten counties have been improved. The improvement of local areas in Qingchuan and Pingwu is obvious, and there are still worsening trends in some areas of county, Pengzhou, Maoxian and Dujiangyan. In addition to the county and Pengzhou, the water conservation ability of all counties and cities has been restored, and the local trend of Beichuan and Maoxian is declining. In the five years after the earthquake, the biological diversity maintenance functions of the other counties and cities except the county and Beichuan have been restored. At the same time, the vegetation soil of the damaged body was sampled at ten counties and cities in the earthquake heavy disaster area, and the restoration of the damaged vegetation soil was evaluated. The experimental results show that from 2011 to 2013, is located on the south slope of Longmen mountain in Pengzhou, Shifang, Dujiangyan, Mianzhu, Beichuan County, soil nutrients damage has been restored. In the landslides of Wenchuan and Maoxian in the arid valley area, the soil nutrients were not restored and the soil fertility declined. Finally, based on the present situation of ecological restoration area, put forward in the future earthquake ecological restoration planning method, combined with the manual intervention by natural recovery, both natural and social and economic harmony, regional ecological damage to the earthquake, overall planning, and gradually promote the global eye. On the basis of earthquake ecological vulnerability, according to local conditions, the implementation of corresponding countermeasures for ecological restoration.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.4;P315.9

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