基于畜禽粪便不同处理方式的农业生态系统能值分析

发布时间：2017-12-27 23:15

本文关键词：基于畜禽粪便不同处理方式的农业生态系统能值分析　出处：《河南农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在我国畜禽养殖业迅速发展的同时所产生的畜禽粪便总量随之大幅提升,对环境造成的污染问题也日渐突出,因此,国家对畜禽粪便所带来污染的治理非常重视,寻求一个有效地、合理地处理畜禽粪便的方法迫不及待。经实际调查、文献参考等发现以畜禽粪便制有机肥和沼气的两种种养结合农业生态系统是解决畜禽粪便污染和发展畜禽养殖业和种植业有效结合的最好途径。本文以锦华牧业(以畜禽粪便制有机肥为中心环节的种养结合农业生态系统)和大地牧业(以畜禽粪便制沼气为中心环节的种养结合农业生态系统)为研究对象,以能值分析理论和方法为主要手段。首先对两个企业在由单一养殖模式向种养结合模式转变过程中的能值投入产出的变化进行分析,并通过一些重要的能值指标对模式转变过程中产生的变化作出评价,其次对目前锦华牧业和大地牧业所运作的种养结合模式进行了横向的对比比较,得出了以下几个方面的研究结果:(1)以锦华牧业为研究对象,结果表明:锦华牧业在畜禽粪便制有机肥工艺引进形成种养结合农业生态模式以后,自然资源能值自给率从0变到了0.11,系统能值自给率从0变到了0.30,废弃物的利用率达到了15%,环境负载率从0.44降到了0.37,净能值产出率从1.32增长到了1.47,可持续发展指数从3.00提高到了3.97,这些数据说明锦华牧业目前所采用的运作模式具有较高的现代化水平,响应了国家的环境保护政策,实现了农业生产系统的零污染、零排放,提高了农业的生产率及可持续发展性。(2)以大地牧业为研究对象,得到了以下结果:种养结合农业生态模式下,利用畜禽粪便制沼气并循环利用,使自然资源能值自给率从0变到了0.14,系统能值自给率从0变到了0.58,废弃物的利用率达到了20%,环境负载率从0.17降到了0.12,净能值产出率从1.37增长到了1.57,可持续发展指数从8.06提高到了13.08,这些数据说明大地牧业采用沼气工程作为种养结合衔接环节的模式中提高了农业生产的现代化水平,对废弃物的处理和循环再利用、环境的保护起到了良好的作用,并且提高了农业的生产率及可持续发展性。(3)通过对锦华牧业和大地牧业两种不同运作方式的种养结合农业生态模式的能值投入率进行比较分析,得出了:①模式Ⅱ和模式Ⅳ的自然资源投入量在各自系统能值的总投入中所占的比重相差不大,分别为8.03%和8.22%,说明两种运作方式下的种养结合农业生态模式中,自然资源能值的使用量差别不大;②模式Ⅱ的系统反馈能值投入为9.68*1015sej,占总能值投入的21.23%,模式Ⅳ的系统反馈能值投入为72.55*1015sej,占总能值投入的33.68%。两者所占比重的差异较为明显,模式Ⅱ的反馈能值主要用于改善土壤质量,提高蔬菜的产量,没有给畜禽养殖环节带来明显的辅助作用,而模式Ⅳ的反馈能值不仅用于种植业,而且还对畜禽养殖环节提供了很大一部分能量辅助;③模式Ⅱ的可更新有机能值投入占总能值投入的50.65%,模式Ⅳ的可更新有机能值投入为占总能值投入的51.40%,不管是从能量的类别还是各自所占的比重,两者没有明显差别;④模式Ⅱ的不可更新工业辅助能值投入占总能值投入的20.09%,模式Ⅳ的不可更新工业辅助能值投入为占总能值投入的6.70%,两者存在较大差异,其差异的主要原因就是模式Ⅳ中的沼气被利用之后所产生的电力、热量等重新输入养殖环节,使能量的投入大大减少,而模式Ⅱ没有。(4)通过对锦华牧业和大地牧业的主要能值指标进行对比比较,得出了在自然资源能值自给率、系统能值自给率、废弃物利用率、净能值产出率及环境负载率方面,大地牧业均优于锦华牧业,因此大地牧业的种养结合农业生态系统的内部结构更为优化,可持续发展性更好一点。
[Abstract]:The total amount of livestock and poultry manure produced in the livestock industry in China has developed rapidly along with the increase, the environmental pollution problem has become increasingly prominent, therefore, the governance of the country caused pollution of livestock and poultry manure very seriously and seek an effective and reasonable treatment of animal manure method can't wait. Through actual investigation and literature reference, it is found that the two farming systems combining organic manure and biogas with livestock manure are the best way to combine livestock and poultry excrement pollution and develop livestock breeding and planting industry effectively. In this paper, Jinhua animal husbandry (agricultural ecosystem with livestock manure for planting organic fertilizer as the central link of the earth) and animal husbandry (combination of planting and breeding of agricultural ecosystem in the livestock and poultry manure to produce biogas as the central link) as the research object, based on emergy analysis theory and method as the main means. The first of the two enterprises in a single breeding mode to the planting and breeding combination mode in the transformation process can analyze the value change of input and output, and by some of the important index to evaluate the change pattern in the transformation process, followed by the current Jinhua animal husbandry and animal husbandry land operated by the mode of combination of planting and breeding horizontal comparison, results are obtained as follows: (1) to Jinhua animal husbandry as the research object, the results show that the introduction of Jinhua animal husbandry in livestock manure organic fertilizer process to form a combination of planting and breeding pattern of agriculture ecology, natural resources energy self-sufficiency rate from 0 to 0.11, emergy self-sufficiency the rate of change from 0 to 0.30, waste utilization rate reached 15%, the environment load rate dropped from 0.44 to 0.37, the net energy output rate increased from 1.32 to 1.47, the sustainable development index increased from 3 to 3.97, the number of According to the operation mode that the modernization level of Jinhua animal husbandry currently used is high, in response to the environmental protection policies of the state, to achieve zero pollution, zero emissions of agricultural production system, improve agricultural productivity and sustainable development. (2) on the animal husbandry as the research object, the results are as follows: the combination of planting and breeding pattern of agriculture ecology, utilization of livestock and poultry manure to produce biogas and recycling of natural resources, the emergy self-sufficiency rate from 0 to 0.14, the emergy self-sufficiency rate from 0 to 0.58, waste utilization rate 20%, the environment load rate dropped from 0.17 to 0.12, the net energy output rate increased from 1.37 to 1.57, the sustainable development index increased from 8.06 to 13.08, these data suggest that the earth and animal husbandry using biogas project as a combination of link mode to improve the level of modernization of agricultural production and circulation of planting, protection recycling of waste materials, the environment played a good role, and improve agricultural productivity and sustainable development. (3) by planting two different modes of operation of Jinhua animal husbandry and animal husbandry land combined agricultural ecological model emergy investment ratio comparative analysis, obtained: the amount of investment mode II and IV mode of natural resources in the total investment value of each system in the proportion of the little difference, respectively. 8.03% and 8.22%, indicating the two mode of operation under the combination of planting and breeding pattern of agriculture ecology, natural resources can not use a different value system; the mode of feedback emergy input is 9.68*1015sej, accounting for 21.23% of the total emergy input and feedback system model IV emergy input is 72.55*1015sej, accounting for the total energy input 33.68%. The proportion of the more obvious differences, mode II feedback emergy is mainly used to improve soil quality, increase the yield of the vegetables, no obvious auxiliary function for livestock and poultry sectors, while the value of mode 4 feedback can not only used for farming, but also provide a large part of the energy to the livestock sector; mode II renewable organic emergy ratio 50.65%, model IV renewable organic emergy investment accounted for 51.40% of the total emergy input, whether from the energy or the proportion of each category, there is no difference between the two; the mode II unrenewable industrial emergy input accounted for 20.09% of the total emergy input, model IV unrenewable industrial emergy investment accounted for 6.70% of the total emergy input, there is a big difference between the two, the main reason is the difference in mode 4 biogas was After the use of electricity, heat, and so on to reenter the breeding link, the energy input is greatly reduced, and the model II is not. (4) index compared to the main value of Jinhua animal husbandry and animal husbandry of the earth, the emergy self-sufficiency ratio, emergy self-sufficiency rate, waste utilization rate, the net energy output rate and environmental load rate in natural resources, land and animal husbandry are excellent in Jinhua animal husbandry, therefore the earth animal husbandry breeding with the internal structure of the agricultural ecosystem more optimization, sustainable development of a little better.
【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S181;X713

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