菌渣施用下土壤—作物系统重金属含量变化及环境风险评价

发布时间：2017-12-28 03:36

  本文关键词：菌渣施用下土壤—作物系统重金属含量变化及环境风险评价　出处：《四川农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 菌渣 土壤—作物系统 重金属含量 环境风险评价

【摘要】：菌渣肥料化作为一种新的有机肥利用方式,一方面解决了闲置菌渣面源污染的环境问题,另一方面推动了循环农业的长效发展。本研究通过施用菌渣有机肥进行“小麦—水稻”轮作的田间试验,探讨不同菌渣施用量对土壤和作物重金属的影响,采用潜在生态危害指数法对农田土壤重金属进行环境风险评价,采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对作物籽粒重金属进行污染风险评价,以期为菌渣有机肥的合理施用和农业安全生产提供依据。主要结论如下：(1)小麦季与水稻季农田土壤中的四种重金属含量均低于中国土壤环境质量二级标准限值,属于未受重金属污染的安全范围。在稻麦两季,不同施肥处理耕层土壤Cd、Cu、Pb含量差异不显著(p0.05),在FF1处理时,稻麦两季农田土壤的Cd、Pb、Zn含量为各施肥处理中最低,土壤Cd含量在各施肥处理中处于较低水平。其中,小麦季农田土壤的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量较CF处理分别减少了7.3%、3.9%、1.4%和0.9%,水稻季农田土壤的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量较CF处理分别减少了6.8%、4.7%、1.9%和1.4%。稻麦两季CK处理和菌渣还田各处理的土壤Cd、Cu、Pb可提取态系数均小于CF处理,小麦季菌渣还田处理和CK处理的土壤Zn可提取态系数值低于CF处理,小麦季不同施肥处理的Cu可提取态系数较水稻季高,而水稻季不同施肥处理的Pb可提取态系数总体上较小麦季有所增加,在CK和CF处理时,水稻季的Cd、Zn可提取态系数高于小麦季。(2)各施肥处理下,小麦籽粒中的Cu和Zn含量均达到了显著水平(p0.01),小麦籽粒Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FFl处理时较CF处理分别减少了14.8%、5%、12.4%和8.4%；小麦颍壳中,Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在各处理间均未达到显著水平(p0.05),小麦颍壳Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FF1处理时较CF处理分别减少了6.5%、3.8%、5.7%和8.7%；小麦茎叶中,Cd、Pb、Zn含量在不同处理间不存在显著性差异(p0.05),小麦茎叶的Cu含量达到了显著水平(p0.01),Cd、Cu、 Pb、Zn含量在FF1处理时较CF处理分别减少了2.1%、7.3%、1.1%和4.8%；小麦根中,Cd、Cu、Pb含量在不同处理间不存在显著性差异(p0.05),小麦根的Zn含量达到了显著水平(p0.05),Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FF1处理时较CF处理分别减少了6.4%、7.6%、1.4%和5.1%。(3)水稻籽粒中Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在各处理间均未达到显著水平(p0.05),水稻籽粒Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FFl处理时较CF处理分别减少了14.3%、13.7%、10.8%和6.2%；水稻颍壳中,不同处理间Zn含量达到了显著水平(p0.01),水稻颍壳Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FF1处理时较CF处理分别减少了5.6%、5.5%、6%和7.8%；水稻茎叶中,Cd、Cu、Pb含量在不同处理间不存在显著性差异(p0.05),水稻茎叶的Zn含量达到了显著水平(p0.05),水稻茎叶Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FF1处理时较CF处理分别减少了3.3%、3%、3%和5.4%；水稻根中,Cd、Cu含量在不同处理间不存在显著性差异(p0.05),水稻根的Pb、Zn含量达到了显著水平(p0.01),水稻根Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量在FF1处理时较CF处理分别减少了5.7%、8.8%、5.4%和4.5%。(4)以都江堰市土壤元素背景值为评价标准,单因子潜在生态危害指数评价表明,稻麦两季农田土壤Cu、Pb、Zn为轻微生态危害,Cd为中等生态危害；综合潜在生态危害指数属于轻微生态危害；而以国家土壤环境质量二级标准为评价标准,稻麦两季农田土壤Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的单因子潜在生态危害指数为轻微生态危害,综合潜在生态危害指数属于轻微生态危害。(5)以国家食品卫生标准限值(GB2762-2012)为评价标准,小麦、水稻籽粒中的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数均为清洁水平。(6)综合考虑生态环境风险、食品安全和经济成本,确定FF1菌渣还田处理(还田量100%)为最佳施肥量。
[Abstract]:As a new way of organic fertilizer utilization, mushroom residue fertilizer has solved the environmental problems of unused bacterial residue and non-point source pollution on the one hand, and promoted the long-term development of circular agriculture on the other hand. The study of "field experiment of wheat rice rotation by using residue of organic fertilizer, the effects of different dosage of Jun Zhashi heavy metals in soil and crops, the potential ecological risk index method for environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in farmland soil, using single factor pollution index method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index method to evaluate the risk of pollution the grain of heavy metals, in order to provide the basis for rational application of organic fertilizer residue and agricultural production safety. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the contents of four heavy metals in farmland soil in wheat season and rice season are all lower than the two level standard value of soil environmental quality in China, which is a safe range which is not polluted by heavy metals. In the two season of rice and wheat, there was no significant difference in the contents of Cd, Cu and Pb in the soil of different treatments. (P0.05), the content of Cd, Pb and Zn in the farmland soil was the lowest in the two season, and the Cd content in the soil was lower at all treatments. Among them, the contents of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in farmland soil decreased by 7.3%, 3.9%, 1.4% and 0.9%, respectively. The Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contents of farmland soil decreased by 6.8%, 4.7%, 1.9% and 1.4% compared with CF treatments in the rice season. The two season of rice and wheat CK and bacteria residue in the treatment of soil Cd, Cu, Pb extractable coefficient is less than CF, wheat bacteria residue and CK treatment soil Zn extractable value lower than CF treatment, different treatments of Cu extractable wheat season in rice season coefficient is high however, the rice season fertilization Pb extractable coefficient overall than wheat season increased in CK and CF, Cd, Zn of rice extractable coefficient is higher than the wheat season. (2)鍚勬柦鑲ュ�勭悊涓�,灏忛害绫界矑涓�鐨凜u鍜孼n鍚�閲忓潎杈惧埌浜嗘樉钁楁按骞�(p0.01),灏忛害绫界矑Cd銆丆u銆丳b銆乑n鍚�閲忓湪FFl澶勭悊鏃惰緝CF澶勭悊鍒嗗埆鍑忓皯浜，

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