生态马克思主义对中国生态文明建设的启示

发布时间：2017-12-28 03:17

本文关键词：生态马克思主义对中国生态文明建设的启示　出处：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在科技风险日渐突出、生态危机日益严重的全球背景下,随着科学技术的进一步发展,人类在享受科技所带来的各种便利的同时,也在更大程度上面临着前所未有的生态威胁,主要包括全球变暖、粮食危机、能源枯竭、土地荒漠化、生物多样性锐减、核污染等。作为世界上人口最多的国家,伴随工业、农业等高效快速的发展,中国生态环境问题越发引起广泛关注。作为人类社会全面发展的重要标志,生态文明是一种涵盖人与人以及人与自然关系的,与物质文明、精神文明和政治文明紧密相连的新的文明形态。作为中国政府回答经济发展与资源环境问题所提出的极富创造性的最新理论成果,生态文明建设现在已经成为中国政府的执政理念和治国方略。上世纪六十年代,生态马克思主义伴随在全球有广泛影响的“绿色运动”诞生。它是当代西方马克思主义的一种新兴流派,在西方马克思主义领域中占据重要地位。在人类生存发展面临严重生态困境背景下产生的生态马克思主义的基本出发点是用生态学理论去补充和发展马克思主义,以构建一种人与自然和谐发展的新模式。总体上,它以研究人类生存环境为宗旨,以生态效应为核心,追求人与自然的和谐发展,开辟了我们探究资本主义、社会主义问题的新视野,具有理论和现实意义。改革开放三十多年来,在马克思主义理论的指导下,随工业化和现代化水平的不断提高,中国在经济领域取得了举世瞩目的成就。一方面,当初在西方发达资本主义国家出现的生态环境问题已在中国涌现；另一方面,生态马克思主义理论体系更多的是旨在解决早在20世纪80年代就都已完成工业化和现代化的西方资本主义国家长期发展所致的生态破坏和环境问题,而中国目前尚处于工业化和现代化中期；因此,我们可以借鉴生态马克思主义的一些理论成果和政治主张,同时摈弃不适合中国现实的部分。此外,笔者认为蕴含于生态马克思主义研究和挖掘问题背后根源以解决现实问题的这种深刻的逻辑性和科学性亦值得借鉴。总体上,本文立论基点在于：(1)从工业文明向生态文明转型、生态文明建设的核心在于约束和规范人类行为(也即将人类行动限定在有限范围内——生态文明建设的上限和下限——能够将全球经济发展水平和人类生存环境状况维持相对平衡的合理区间,该区间采用双重标准,发展中国家生态文明建设的上限不能以发展停滞为代价,发达国家生态文明建设的下限不能威胁人类生存环境的平衡状态)；(2)现代社会,能够约束和规范人类行为的体系有两种：伦理道德和法律制度(也可简单抽象为理念和制度)；(3)作为对西方发达国家所面临的环境污染和生态破坏问题的回应,生态马克思主义对中国建设生态文明建设具有借鉴意义；(4)中国政府主导下的生态文明建设,需在全民参与和行动下实现从理念到制度到行动的构建。
[Abstract]:In the background of global science and technology risk has become increasingly prominent, increasingly serious ecological crisis, with the further development of science and technology, human beings enjoy a variety of convenience brought by technology, is also facing a hitherto unknown ecological threat in a large extent, including global warming, food crisis, energy depletion, desertification, biodiversity the decrease of nuclear pollution, etc.. As the most populous country in the world, with the rapid and rapid development of industry and agriculture, the problem of ecological environment in China has aroused widespread concern. As an important symbol of the comprehensive development of human society, ecological civilization is a new civilization form which is closely related to material civilization, spiritual civilization and political civilization, which involves the relationship between man and man, and between man and nature. As the latest theoretical achievement of the Chinese government's response to the problems of economic development and resources and environment, the construction of ecological civilization has now become the ruling concept and strategy of the Chinese government. In the 60s of last century, the ecological Marx doctrine was born with the "green movement" which had a wide influence on the world. It is a new genre of contemporary western Marx doctrine, which occupies an important position in the field of Western Marx. The basic starting point of eco Marx doctrine is the supplement and development of Marx doctrine based on the theory of ecology in order to build a new harmonious development mode of human and nature. In general, it aims at studying the environment of human existence, taking the ecological effect as the core and pursuing the harmonious development of human and nature. It has opened up a new vision for us to explore the problem of capitalism and socialism, and has theoretical and practical significance. Over the past thirty years of reform and opening up, under the guidance of Marx theory, China has made remarkable achievements in the economic field along with the continuous improvement of industrialization and modernization. On the one hand, the ecological environment problems had emerged in the western developed capitalist countries have emerged in Chinese; on the other hand, Marx's theory of ecological system is more aimed at resolving the development caused by the western capitalist country long-term ecological and environmental problems in early 1980s has completed the industrialization and modernization, and Chinese is still in the industrialization therefore, the middle and the modernization; we can learn from Marx's ecological theory and politics, and is not suitable for the real part of Chinese abandon. Besides, I believe that the deep logic and scientificity of the root cause of Marx's research and mining is also worth learning. Overall, this is the basis of: (1) the core transformation, the construction of ecological civilization from industrial civilization to ecological civilization is to restrict and regulate human behavior (a reasonable interval, will limit the human action in a limited range, the construction of ecological civilization and the upper and lower - can the global level of economic development and human survival environment to maintain the relative balance of the interval by double standards, not limit the construction of ecological civilization in developing countries to stagnation at the cost of the construction of ecological civilization in developed countries, the lower limit can not be a threat to human survival environment balance); (2) the modern society, to restrict and regulate the human behavior system has two kinds: the ethical and legal system (also as simple abstract concepts and systems); (3) as the problem of environmental pollution and ecological destruction in the face of western developed countries in response to the ecological Ma Kyth doctrine has a reference for China's construction of ecological civilization. (4) under the guidance of the Chinese government, the construction of ecological civilization needs to build from concept to system to action under the participation and action of all people.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X2;A811

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