应用优化藻坪技术调控富营养化景观水体冬季氮磷研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 08:05

本文关键词：应用优化藻坪技术调控富营养化景观水体冬季氮磷研究　出处：《福建师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前,国内景观水体的富营养化问题严重并逐渐为人们所重视。本研究针对福州大学城某校区中的景观水体同时具有河道和湖泊类型的特点,提出了“分区’修复对策。同时,由于该景观水体全年都处于重富营养化状况,而目前的生态修复方法在冬季存在处理效率低的问题,因此,本研究同步提出“分季节”的修复对策,并针对冬季水体特征展开优化藻萍装置调控氮磷营养盐实验,旨在提出有效的冬季景观水体修复技术。2014年11月到2015年1月间进行采样,分析该景观水体冬季水环境情况。结果表明,该景观水体的水温在13.5-20.4℃,TN浓度在2.00-13.56 mg/L,TP浓度在0.11-0.56 mg/L,水体氮磷比值在8-81。景观水体水质为劣五类水,湖泊区冬季仍处于富营养化状态,水体的营养限制型为磷限制型。在实验室模拟藻坪装置对该冬季景观水体的净化效果,分析不同材质、运行参数以及藻群结构对景观水体的净化效率。结果发现,竹材藻坪装置在30天运行下氮磷去除率为25-50%,而塑材藻坪装置在同等时间下氮磷去除率为25-35%。通过改变流速和流量等运行参数,30天内氮磷去除率提高至50-60%。在此基础上,通过添加硅藻,优化藻坪装置的藻群结构,发现装置在30天内总氮去除率可以提高至76.1%,总磷去除率可以提高至71.3%。说明对藻坪装置的优化,可以提高其在冬季的运行效率。景观水体冬季的总氮负荷量达到413.21 kg,总磷负荷量为11.72kg,其中磷达到国家Ⅲ类水质标准需要去除总磷负荷量为9.38 kg。假设设置长160 m,宽1.5 m,流量为8.4 m3/h的野外藻坪装置,根据小试结果,可以估算野外装置除氮效率为1.6g/m2·d,除磷效率为0.31 g/m2·d,设计的野外藻坪装置稳定运行需两个月,稳定运行后每天去除景观水体的总氮可以达到384 g,去除的总磷可以达到74.4 g,共需运行126天可使磷浓度达到国家Ⅲ类水质标准,将大大减少景观水体在冬季的氮磷营养盐负荷。藻坪装置在处理氮磷营养盐负荷的同时,可以回收藻坪中的藻体进行资源化利用。本研究为提升景观水体冬季氮磷去除率和生态修复效果提供了科学参考。
[Abstract]:At present, the problem of eutrophication in the domestic landscape water body is serious and has gradually been paid attention to by people. This study aims at the characteristics of river and lake types in the landscape water body of a campus of Fuzhou University, and puts forward the Countermeasures of "zoning" restoration. At the same time, because the annual landscape water eutrophication is heavy, but the ecological restoration methods currently exist in winter treatment of the problem of low efficiency, therefore, this study proposed restoration measures of seasonal synchronization ", and according to the characteristics of winter water optimizing algae Ping device regulation of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients experiment, aims to put forward in winter landscape water remediation technology effectively. From November 2014 to January 2015, sampling was carried out to analyze the water environment of the landscape water in winter. The results show that the water temperature of the landscape water is at 13.5-20.4 C, the concentration of TN is 2.00-13.56 mg/L, the concentration of TP is 0.11-0.56 mg/L, and the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus in water body is 8-81. The water quality of the landscape water is five kinds of water, and the lake area is still eutrophic in winter, and the nutrient restriction type of the water body is the phosphorus restricted type. In the laboratory, we simulated the purification effect of algae flat plant on the winter landscape water, and analyzed the purification efficiency of different material, operation parameters and algae structure on landscape water. The results showed that the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus was 25-50% under 30 days, while the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus was 25-35% at the same time. By changing the operating parameters such as flow rate and flow rate, the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in 30 days is increased to 50-60%. On this basis, by adding diatoms to optimize algal structure of algae flat plants, it is found that the total nitrogen removal rate can be increased to 76.1% within 30 days, and the total phosphorus removal rate can be increased to 71.3%. It shows that the optimization of the algal flat device can improve its operating efficiency in winter. The total nitrogen load of landscape water in winter is 413.21 kg, and the total phosphorus load is 11.72kg, of which phosphorus reaches the national class III water quality standard, and the total phosphorus load is 9.38 kg. Assuming that the set length 160 m, width 1.5 m, flow rate of 8.4 m3/h algal field device, according to the experimental results, we can estimate the field device nitrogen removal efficiency is 1.6g/m2 - D, the phosphorus removal efficiency was 0.31 g/m2 - D, the design of field algal device and stable operation for two months, after the stable operation of daily total nitrogen removal landscape water can reach 384 g, the total phosphorus removal can reach 74.4 g, a total of 126 working days to reach the national standard of phosphorus concentration in water, will greatly reduce the landscape water in nitrogen and phosphorus load in winter. The algae Ping device can recycle the algae in the algae flat while treating the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient load. This study provides a scientific reference for improving the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate and ecological restoration effect in the landscape water body in winter.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

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