清代西辽河流域自然环境的变迁及成因研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 08:44

本文关键词：清代西辽河流域自然环境的变迁及成因研究　出处：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文将清代西辽河流域的自然环境依据其变化程度分为三个阶段:顺治元年至乾隆十二年间(1644~1747年),这一时期西辽河流域自然环境较明末有所恢复;乾隆十三年到光绪二十七年间(1748~1901年)这一时期西辽河流域自然环境遭到严重的破坏;光绪二十八年到清末民初年间(1902~1911年),这一时期西辽河流域的自然环境恶化趋势明显加重。通过上述考察,我们发现西辽河流域的自然环境在清代呈逐渐恶化的趋势,主要表现在植被的退化、土地的沙漠化、动物种类减少、水系萎缩等,主要因素是伴随着汉族农业人口的移入、耕地面积的扩大、农业生活方式的引入,加之清代为小冰期,气候干冷对本地的影响等。上述两个方面因素中,人为因素是主要和居首位的因素,自然因素居次要地位。上述三个时期西辽河流域自然环境的状况和变化的成因既有相似之处,也有区别,这也是本文分三个阶段考察西辽河流域环境变化及成因的原因。换句话说,既要找出三个阶段的共性,又要找出区别,比如三个时期清政府政策的不同等。
[Abstract]:The natural environment in West Liaohe River Basin in the Qing Dynasty is divided into three stages according to the degree of change: the first year of Shunzhi to Qianlong twelve years (1644~1747 years), during this period, the West Liaohe River Basin is the natural environment has been restored; thirteen years of Qianlong to Guangxu twenty-seven years (1748~1901 years) this period of natural environment in West Liaohe River Basin was seriously destruction; twenty-eight years Guangxu in the late Qing Dynasty period (1902~1911 years), during this period, the West Liaohe River basin natural environment deterioration was aggravated. Through the above study, we found that the West Liaohe River basin natural environment is gradually deteriorating trend in the Qing Dynasty, mainly in vegetation degradation, land desertification, animal species decreased, water system atrophy, the main factor is with the Han Chinese agricultural population transfer, the cultivation area expanded, agricultural lifestyle is introduced, and the the Qing Dynasty is the little ice age, the impact on the local climate is dry. Among the above two factors, human factors are the main and the first factors, and natural factors are secondary. In the three periods above, there are similarities and differences between the natural environment and the causes of the changes in the West Liaohe River Basin. This is also the reason why the environmental changes and causes of the West Liaohe River Basin are divided into three stages. In other words, we should not only find out the commonness of the three stages, but also find out the differences, such as the different policies of the Qing government in the three periods.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.1;K249

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