太湖流域浮游藻类特征及对水生态功能分区的指示意义

发布时间：2017-12-28 23:16

本文关键词：太湖流域浮游藻类特征及对水生态功能分区的指示意义　出处：《南京工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究以太湖流域浮游植物为调查研究对象,分季节开展浮游植物分布特征调查与监测,探讨流域不同水体、不同区域浮游植物群落分布特征及其与水质等环境因子的影响关系,并结合太湖流域水生态功能分区及其相应的指标研究进展,分析浮游植物指标对流域水生态功能分区的指示性特征,为太湖流域地区生态系统的健康情况、水系统管理提供基础资料和科学指导,为太湖流域生态系统的合理管理提供保障。针对太湖流域共设置了122个野外采样点,分别于2012年10月、2013年5月、2014年2月和2014年7月开展了四次野外调查。经过分析,主要得出以下结论:(1)流域内浮游植物具有季节演替性,总体上蓝藻、硅藻、绿藻门浮游植物占据优势地位,同时期湖泊浮游植物密度大于河流。冬季,硅藻种类及数量占优势地位;到了春季,蓝、绿藻数量增加,硅藻数量下降;进入夏季后,蓝、绿、硅藻数量和种类都增加,其中蓝藻门增幅最大;秋季流域内浮游植物的季节演替中湖泊和河流有所差异,湖泊中蓝、绿藻数量和种类呈持续增加趋势,河流中蓝、绿藻有所下降,而硅藻种类和数量在湖泊和河流中都有所下降。4个季节比较,湖泊中秋季浮游植物的密度最大且种类最多,而冬季浮游植物的密度小且种类最少;河流中夏季浮游植物的密度最大及种类最多,冬季浮游植物的密度最小且种类最少。藻类优势种,总体上湖泊以蓝藻门中的水华微囊藻、铜绿微囊藻最为常见;河流以硅藻门的小环藻、绿藻门的小球藻最为常见。基于浮游植物的水质评价结果,太湖流域主要水体大多数为β-中污带,湖泊多为多污带水体。藻类群落多样性分析表明,太湖流域4个季节间差异较大,夏季7月浮游植物多样性最好,冬季较差,其中Margalef多样性指数可以较好的指示浮游植物的多样性。(2)流域浮游植物与环境因子的相关性分析表明,浮游植物分布特征与SS、NO3--N、N/P、CODMn、F-、TN、SO42-、CO32-、NH4+-N、PO43--P、TP和DO相关性较大,其中CODMn相关性最为明显。TN、TP在东部平原地区与浮游植物密切相关,而在西部丘陵地区浮游植物密度、密度比与TN和TP没有表现出密切相关性,反映了流域不同区域间影响藻类分布的环境因子具有差别性。(3)对太湖流域5个水生态功能二级分区的分析表明,5个分区之间浮游植物特征都具有明显差异性,影响藻类分布的环境因子也有较明显差别;21个水生态功能三级分区之间的藻类分布特征也具有较为明显的差异性。经进一步与太湖流域三级分区的现有指标分析表明,藻类特征指标(Margalef多样性指数)可作为分区考虑指标。
[Abstract]:The study of phytoplankton in the Taihu River Basin as the research object, carry out investigation and monitoring of seasonal Phytoplankton Distribution in different regions, different water basin on the phytoplankton community distribution and its relationship with environmental factors such as the effect of water quality, and combined with the research progress of Taihu aquatic ecological function regionalization and its corresponding index, analysis indicators of watershed characteristics indicative of phytoplankton water ecological function zoning, provide basic information and scientific guidance to the management of health, water system for the ecological system of Taihu region, to provide protection for the rational management of ecological system in Taihu basin. 122 field sampling points were set up in the Taihu basin, and four field investigations were carried out in October 2012, May 2013, February 2014 and July 2014 respectively. After analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) phytoplankton in the basin has seasonal succession. In general, cyanobacteria, diatoms and algal phytoplankton occupy the dominant position. Meanwhile, the density of phytoplankton in lakes is larger than that in rivers. In winter, the dominant diatom species and quantity; in the spring, the increase in the number of blue and green algae, diatoms decreased; into the summer, blue, green, diatom quantity and species have increased, the largest increase of Cyanophyta; lakes and rivers are seasonal succession of phytoplankton in autumn in different lakes, the number of blue and the types of algae increased, rivers in the blue and green algae decreased, and the type and quantity of diatoms in lakes and rivers have declined. In the 4 seasons, the density of phytoplankton in lakes is the largest and the most species. In winter, the density of phytoplankton is small and the species are the least. In summer, phytoplankton density is the largest and species most in the river, and the density of phytoplankton in winter is the smallest and the least. The dominant species of algae, the lake to Cyanophyta bloom of Microcystis, Microcystis aeruginosa is the most common; river to bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta Cyclotella Chlorella is most common. Based on the results of water quality evaluation of phytoplankton, most of the main water bodies in the Taihu basin are beta - medium pollution zones, and most of the lakes are multi polluted water bodies. The analysis of algal community diversity shows that there are great differences between the 4 seasons in Taihu basin. In summer July, phytoplankton diversity is the best in winter and poor in winter. Margalef diversity index can better indicate phytoplankton diversity. (2) correlation analysis between phytoplankton and environmental factors showed that the distribution characteristics of phytoplankton were related to SS, NO3--N, N/P, CODMn, F-, TN, SO42-, CO32-, NH4+-N, PO43--P, TP and sand, and the correlation between them was the most obvious. TN and TP are closely related to phytoplankton in the eastern plains. However, there is no close correlation between phytoplankton density and density and TN and TP in the western hilly area. (3) analysis of Taihu River Basin, 5 water ecological function of the two partition shows that phytoplankton characteristics between the 5 zones have obvious differences, environmental factors influencing the distribution of algae also had obvious difference; algal distribution characteristics between the 21 water ecological function of the three partition also has obvious differences. After further analysis of the existing indexes of the three level regionalization in the Taihu basin, the algal characteristic index (Margalef diversity index) can be considered as the index of the regionalization.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X173

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