拜泉县土地利用变化的生态效应研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 02:21

本文关键词：拜泉县土地利用变化的生态效应研究　出处：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：黑龙江省作为粮食大省,其生态环境好坏关系到粮食安全、社会、经济的可持续发展等方面。近年来,在快速发展的城镇化时期,人们生活水平提高,造成了对于交通、工矿等建设用地的需求增加,使生态环境受到了威胁。土地利用变化发生了较大变化,引起水土流失,生物多样性减少等生态问题。使自然生态系统长期遭到破坏。拜泉县位于小兴安岭松嫩平原过度点,由于迅速的城市化进程、大强度的农业生产的背景下,土地利用变化的生态效应的研究更具有实践意义。即研究拜泉县土地利用变化及其生态效应对促进区域生态环境建设,有利于生态环境的改善。本文以黑龙江省拜泉县为研究区,包括拜泉镇、爱农乡、兴国镇、三道镇、龙泉镇、丰产乡、长春镇等16个乡镇。以土地利用变化及其生态效应的内涵为基础,基于可持续发展理论、系统理论、人地关系理论及生态经济理论,根据1992年、2002年及2012年遥感影像,以RS与GIS为主要的技术手段,获取三个时间点的土地利用数据。采用土地利用动态度模型、土地利用的转移矩阵等方法,定性定量相结合分析并揭示其变化规律。以土地利用变化作为切入点,通过区域生态环境指数和利用此模型分析区域土地利用转变类型生态贡献率,对土地利用变化的生态效应进行定量分析和评价。土地利用变化造成的生态效应及其分区进行定量研究。为今后的生态建设工作提供理论依据。并对区域社会、经济与环境的可持续发展及构建土地利用生态安全格局,具有一定的指导意义。研究结果表明:拜泉县土地利用变化总体呈“四增二减”的趋势,耕地和其它用地均有不同程度的减少,草地、林地、水域及建设用地则是有所增加;拜泉县土地利用动态度中林地变化最为明显,从土地利用综合指数方面,拜泉县处于衰退期或调整期。从区域生态环境指数,总体处于上升趋势,1992~2002年上升幅度较大。各个乡镇存在着恶化和改善的两种相反的趋势,在某一种程度生存在相互抵消。根据模糊聚类分析,对拜泉县区域生态环境指数进行分区,分为五大区:高值区、较高值区、一般去、较低值区和低值区。通过综合分析,生态质量指数低的向生态质量指数高的土地利用类型转变,可以有效地改善生态环境;相反则是对区域生态环境恶化起着重大作用。土地利用类型的转变影响区域的生态环境的好坏。拜泉县整个的区域生态环境指数影响较小;耕地、林地等用地总量和结构中,拜泉县区域生态环境指数受其内部结构的变化影响较大,耕地、林地等用地总量对其影响较小。在人口增长、政策、经济发展等外生变量中,人口因素、政策因素及经济发展因素是主要的影响因子。
[Abstract]:Heilongjiang Province as a big grain province, its ecological environment is related to food security, social and economic sustainable development. In recent years, in the rapid development of urbanization, people's living standards improved. As a result, the demand for construction land, such as transportation, industry and mining, has increased, and the ecological environment has been threatened. The land use change has changed greatly, resulting in soil erosion. The natural ecosystem has been destroyed for a long time. Baiquan County is located in the transitional area of Songnen Plain in Xiaoxinganling. Due to the rapid urbanization process, the background of large intensity of agricultural production. The study of ecological effect of land use change is of practical significance, that is to say, the study of land use change and its ecological effect in Baiquan county can promote the construction of regional ecological environment. This paper takes Baiquan County of Heilongjiang Province as the research area, including Baiquan Town, Ainong Township, Xingguo Town, Sandao Town, Longquan Town, Fengchun Township. Changchun Town and other 16 townships. Based on the connotation of land use change and its ecological effects, based on the theory of sustainable development, system theory, human-land relationship theory and ecological economic theory, according to 1992. In 2002 and 2012, RS and GIS were used as the main technical means to obtain land use data at three time points. Land use dynamic model was adopted. Land use transfer matrix and other methods, qualitative and quantitative analysis and reveal the law of change, land use change as a starting point. The ecological contribution rate of regional land use transformation type was analyzed by using the regional eco-environment index and the model. Quantitative analysis and evaluation of ecological effects of land use change, quantitative study of ecological effects caused by land use change and their zoning, provide theoretical basis for future ecological construction and regional society. The sustainable development of economy and environment and the construction of ecological security pattern of land use have certain guiding significance. The results show that the change of land use in Baiquan County is in the general trend of "four increases and two decreases". Cultivated land and other land use are reduced to varying degrees, grassland, woodland, water area and construction land are increased; The change of forest land is the most obvious in the dynamic degree of land use in Baiquan County. From the aspect of comprehensive index of land use, Baiquan County is in the recession or adjustment period, and the regional ecological environment index is on the rise as a whole. From 1992 to 2002, there were two opposite trends of deterioration and improvement in each township, which existed in a certain degree. According to fuzzy cluster analysis. The regional ecological environment index of Baiquan County is divided into five regions: high value area, higher value area, general gone area, low value area and low value area. The change from low ecological quality index to high ecological quality index land use type can effectively improve ecological environment; On the contrary, it plays an important role in the deterioration of regional ecological environment. The change of land use type affects the quality of regional ecological environment. In the total amount and structure of farmland, woodland and other land use, the regional ecological environment index of Baiquan County is greatly affected by the changes of its internal structure, while the total amount of arable land and forest land has a small impact on it. Among exogenous variables such as economic development, population, policy and economic development are the main influencing factors.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826;F301.2

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