废旧聚烯烃的改性及应用

发布时间：2018-01-02 18:36

本文关键词：废旧聚烯烃的改性及应用　出处：《武汉工程大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：塑料工业的迅速发展,不可避免地产生了大量废旧塑料,对环境的污染也越发严重。对废旧塑料进行回收循环利用、减少塑料新料消费量,是抑制“白色污染”的有效手段。目前,我国对处理废旧塑料的机制还不够健全,许多可利用资源同固体垃圾一起被填埋或焚烧处理了。在研发新型塑料的同时考虑如何对其进行回收利用、废旧塑料的回收及再利用也是一个必须认真考虑的问题。废旧塑料普遍存在的问题是分子量低、助剂种类多、杂质多、性能差。改善分子量低的方法为:(1)与塑料新料并用;(2)加入交联剂使其交联。解决助剂多和杂质多的方法为:(1)将废旧塑料分类回收,尽量使待改性的塑料来源单一;(2)改性的预处理过程尽量避免使用化学溶剂法。本文主要使用物理共混改性的方法,对两种废旧聚烯烃进行增强增韧改性。这两种废旧聚烯烃为废旧聚丙烯(rPP)和废旧聚乙烯(rPE),rPP的来源为废旧汽车保险杠,其主要成分为聚丙烯(PP)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、增塑剂和填料等共混物。rPE的来源为废旧编织袋回收料,其主要成分为聚乙烯(PE)和填料。本文将rPP改性后用于塑料建筑模板和汽车挡泥板,rPE改性后用于双壁波纹管外壁。塑料建筑模板的行业标准为JG/T 418-2013。本文使用碳酸钙、高岭土等五种填料对rPP进行增强改性,使用乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)等七种弹性体对rPP进行增韧改性。分析实验数据后认为,玻璃纤维(GF)是增强rPP的理想填料,最佳用量为40 phr,添加马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)可以改善界面相容性,同时提高冲击强度和弯曲性能,添加量为8wt%时弯曲强度和弯曲模量达到最大值。EPDM、市售增韧剂(MH-A)和乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)作为rPP/GF/MAPP三元共混体系的增韧剂可以提高无缺口冲击强度,但是会降低拉伸强度和弯曲性能,用量在10~20 phr时共混物的综合性能最好,无缺口冲击强度约为23 kJ/m~2、弯曲强度约为40 MPa、弯曲模量约为2600 MPa、维卡软化点约为101℃、硬度约为92,均高于JG/T 418-2013中的各项指标。EVA、丁基橡胶(IIR)、丁苯橡胶(SBR)也可作为rPP/GF/MAPP三元共混体系的增韧剂,但是综合力学性能较差,丁腈橡胶(NBR)作为增韧剂时不能满足JG/T 418-2013标准的要求。另外,密炼模压成型和挤出注射成型对rPP/GF/MAPP/EPDM(100/40/8%/20)共混物的力学性能差别很小。用丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物回用料(rABS)改性rPP可以增强其拉伸强度和弯曲性能,添加量为30 phr时较适宜,rPP/rABS(100/30)的拉伸强度比rPP提高了23%,弯曲强度提高了38%,弯曲模量提高了47%。IIR可以提高rPP/rABS共混物的冲击强度和断裂伸长率,添加量为5 phr时较适宜,rPP/rABS/IIR(100/30/5)的缺口冲击强度比rPP/rABS(100/30)的提高了22%。EPDM和EVA也可以增韧该体系,但是改性效果劣于IIR。力学性能的测试结果表明,rPP/rABS/IIR(100/30/5)共混物经二次挤出和退火处理后,各项力学性能都能得到提高,将两种处理方式并用,可以得到性能更高的共混物,其冲击强度相对于无后处理的提高了54%,拉伸强度提高了15%,断裂伸长率提高了44%,弯曲强度提高了8%,弯曲模量提高了7%,并且各项力学性能可以满足汽车挡泥板的要求。双壁波纹管的标准为GB/T 19472-2004。GF也是增强rPE的理想填料,其增强效果要优于回收玻璃纤维(rGF)的增强效果,GF的用量为20 phr时可使rPE的拉伸强度提高20%,弯曲模量提高1071MPa。在rPE/GF体系中加入8wt%的MAPP能改善界面性能,同时可以提高21%的拉伸强度和29%的弯曲模量。rPE/GF/MAPP(100/40/8%)共混物中添加油酸酰胺和黑色色母料后,其拉伸强度、弯曲模量、密度、熔融指数和外观颜色均满足GB/T 19472-2004的要求。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of plastic industry, inevitably produce a lot of waste plastics, the environmental pollution is more serious. The waste plastics recycling, reduce plastic new material consumption, is the effective means to curb the "white pollution". At present, our country to the mechanism of waste plastics processing is not perfect, many can be used with solid waste landfills or incineration together. In the research and development of new plastic and consider how to carry on the recycling of waste plastics recycling and reuse is also a problem to be considered seriously. Widespread waste plastic is the problem of low molecular weight, kinds of additives, impurities, poor performance. To improve the method of low molecular weight: (1) and new plastic material and use; (2) adding cross-linking agent to solve the multi method and auxiliary crosslinking. Impurities are: (1) the classification of waste plastics recycling, can be modified Plastic single source; (2) modification of the pretreatment process to avoid the use of chemical solvent method. This paper mainly uses the physical blending method of two kinds of waste polyolefin toughening. These two kinds of waste polyolefin waste polypropylene (rPP) and polyethylene (rPE), rPP waste source for waste the car bumper, the main component of polypropylene (PP), three EPDM (EPDM), the source of plasticizer and filler.RPE blend for waste in bags of recycled materials, the main component of polyethylene (PE) and filler. In this paper, rPP modified for plastic building template and fender, rPE modified double wall corrugated pipe wall used. Plastic construction formwork industry standards for JG/T 418-2013. using calcium carbonate, kaolin and other five kinds of fillers to enhance the modification of rPP, the use of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and other seven kinds of elastomer of rPP by Toughening modification. The analysis of the experimental data that the glass fiber (GF) is to enhance the ideal filler rPP, the optimum dosage is 40 phr, adding maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) can improve the interface compatibility, while improving the impact strength and flexural properties, adding 8wt% flexural strength and flexural modulus reached the maximum value of.EPDM commercially available, toughening agent (MH-A) and ethylene octene copolymer (POE) as toughening rPP/GF/MAPP blends of three system agents can improve the non notched impact strength, but will reduce the tensile and flexural strength, the comprehensive performance of content in the 10~20 phr blend of the best non notched impact strength is about 23 kJ/m~2. The bending strength is about 40 MPa, flexural modulus is about 2600 MPa, VEKA softening point is about 101 degrees Celsius, the hardness is about 92, 418-2013 indicators were higher than that of.EVA in JG/T (IIR), butyl rubber, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) rPP/GF/MAPP also can be used as a total of three yuan Mixed toughening agent system, but poor mechanical properties of nitrile rubber (NBR) as toughening agent is unable to meet the requirements of 418-2013 JG/T. In addition, mixing and extrusion molding injection molding of rPP/GF/MAPP/EPDM (100/40/8%/20) the difference between the mechanical properties of blends is very small. For acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene block copolymer regrind (rABS) modified rPP can improve the tensile strength and bending properties, adding amount of 30 phr for rPP/rABS (100/30), the tensile strength is 23% higher than rPP, the flexural strength increased 38% and the flexural modulus of 47%.IIR can improve the impact strength and elongation of rPP/rABS blends increased, adding 5 phr rPP/rABS/IIR (100/30/5) is more appropriate, the notched impact strength than rPP/rABS (100/30) increased by 22%.EPDM and EVA can be toughened by the system, but the modification effect is inferior to the mechanical properties of IIR. test The results show that the rPP/rABS/IIR (100/30/5) blends after two times of extrusion and annealing treatment, the mechanical properties can be improved, the two kinds of treatment methods and the use of blends can get higher performance, relative to the impact strength increased by 54% after treatment, the tensile strength increased by 15%, the elongation increased 44%, the flexural strength increased 8% and the flexural modulus increased by 7%, and the mechanical properties can meet the requirements of the standard car fender. Double wall corrugated pipe is GB/T 19472-2004.GF but also enhance the ideal filler rPE, the increasing effect is superior to the recycling of glass fiber (rGF) enhancement effect, the dosage of GF is 20 phr the tensile strength of rPE increased by 20%, the flexural modulus increased 1071MPa. joined 8wt% in the rPE/GF system of MAPP can improve the interface properties, and can improve the bending modulus and tensile strength of 21%.RPE/GF/MAPP 29% (100/40 /8%) after adding oleic acid amide and black color masterbatch, the tensile strength, bending modulus, density, melt index and appearance color of the blend meet the requirements of GB/T 19472-2004.

【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X705

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