长江三角洲区域大气颗粒物水溶性离子和元素粒径谱特征研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 08:26

本文关键词：长江三角洲区域大气颗粒物水溶性离子和元素粒径谱特征研究　出处：《南京信息工程大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几十年来长三角地区作为我国经济发展最快、工业化和城市化最为迅速的地区,大气环境污染日益加重,尤其城市霾天气日益增多。同时由于大气颗粒物对气候、环境和人体健康影响很大,水溶性无机离子和化学元素又是其中的重要化学组成,因此研究水溶性离子的季节分布、谱峰分布及其来源对于大气气溶胶的发展有极其深远的意义,同时研究水溶性离子的理化特征可深入认识颗粒物的健康效应及气候效应,研究区域颗粒物来源可为政府制定有效污染控制措施提供合理的科学依据。本研究主要在我国长江三角洲典型地区,于2012年10月-2013年7月利用Andersen分级采样器采集了杭州、苏州、临安、南京的大气颗粒物样品,利用离子色谱仪分析无机水溶性离子,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪ICP-MS分析金属元素,进一步阐述了长三角地区水溶性无机离子及元素的污染特征和时空变化规律,并提出了防治控制措施。结果表明：长三角四个监测点水溶性离子质量浓度是在细粒子中的含量远大于在粗粒子中的含量。细粒子中水溶性离子质量浓度ρ(WSIs)冬季秋季春季夏季。细粒子中p(WSIs)南京苏州杭州临安。各观测点粗、细粒子中均为二次离子S042-、NO3-和NH4+所占比例最多。且所有监测点细粒子中二次离子质量浓度均呈现出ρ(SAN)冬季秋季春季夏季。二次离子占细粒子中总水溶性的比例也最高,分别为南京91.6%、苏州90.2%、临安90.6%、杭州85.2%。按照各种离子粒径分布相似性,可以把长三角地区四个典型城市水溶性离子粒径分布分为4类：1、细模态离子NH4+峰值出现在0.43～0.65μm;2、粗模态离子Ca2+,Mg2+峰值出现在4.7～5.8μm;3、双模态离子Cl-,SO42-,NO3-峰值出现在0.43～1.1μm和4.7～5.8μm;4.三模态离子Na+,K+峰值出现在0.43～0.65μm.2.1～3.3μm.4.7～5.8μm。长三角四个典型城市均发现二次离子SAN(S042-N03-、NH4+)发生模态转移。均呈现SAN有由春季、夏季的0.43～0.651am处出现峰值,而冬季在0.65～1.1μm处出现峰值。呈现出由凝结模态向液滴模态转移的趋势。湿度可能是发生这种转移的主要影响因素。也可能冬季大气颗粒物中硫酸盐、硝酸盐液滴模态比重较高,是由于冬季硫酸盐主要为北方输送过来的,远距离输送过程中硫酸盐吸湿增长,而夏、秋季节局地生成的硫酸盐更多。通过主成分分析可知,杭州春季污染物主要是二次污染物以及燃烧源,代表混合了燃烧源的人为污染源。冬季污染物的生成与累积与生物质燃烧和城市扬尘有关的排放过程有关。苏州地区主成分分析表明春季污染类型为工业排放、燃煤排放。夏季污染类型特征不明显。秋季为土壤扬尘、燃烧源和二次离子转化共同组成的污染。冬季为混合了燃烧源的人为源为主要空气污染类型。南京地区春季污染类型为二次转化离子和汽车尾气排放,必须控制燃煤的燃烧和机动车尾气的排放。冬季污染类型为生物质燃烧、地表土壤尘。秋季秸秆燃烧影响较大夏季水溶性离子分布显著特征就是受海盐影响。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, the Yangtze River Delta region of China's economic development as the fastest, most rapid local industrialization and city, atmospheric environmental pollution, especially city haze weather is increasing. At the same time because of atmospheric particles on climate, environment and human health impact, water soluble inorganic ions and chemical elements is also important the seasonal distribution of chemical, so the study of water soluble ions, spectrum distribution and source have profound significance for the development of atmospheric aerosol, health effects and climate effects can be in-depth understanding of particles and Study on physicochemical characteristics of water soluble ions in the study area, the source of particulate matter can provide a reasonable scientific basis for the government to formulate effective pollution control measures. This research mainly in typical areas in China Yangtze River Delta, in October 2012 -2013 year in July by the Andersen grading sampler in Hangzhou Suzhou, Ling'an, Nanjing, atmospheric particulate samples, analysis of water-soluble inorganic ions by ion chromatograph analysis of metal elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ICP-MS, further elaborated in the Yangtze River Delta region of water soluble inorganic ions and elements of the air pollution changes and characteristics, and puts forward the control measures. The results showed that: ion concentration in Yangtze River Delta four water content in monitoring solution is far greater than the content of fine particles in coarse particles. The fine particles of water soluble ions concentration of P (WSIs) in winter spring and summer autumn. In fine particles of P (WSIs) Nanjing Suzhou Hangzhou Ling'an. The observation point is thick, two S042- ions in fine particles, NO3- and NH4+ accounted for the largest proportion. And all the monitoring points of fine particles in the two ion concentration showed P (SAN) in winter spring and summer autumn. Two times the total ion fine particles dissolved in water The highest proportion of 91.6%, respectively, Nanjing, Suzhou 90.2%, Ling'an 90.6%, Hangzhou 85.2%. according to various kinds of ion size distribution similarity, can take the Yangtze River Delta region four typical city water soluble ion particle size distribution is divided into 4 categories: 1, fine mode NH4+ ion peak in 0.43 ~ 0.65 m; 2 coarse, modal ion Ca2+, Mg2+ peak appeared at 4.7 ~ 5.8 m; 3, dual mode ion Cl-, SO42-, NO3- peak appeared at 0.43 ~ 1.1 m and 4.7 ~ 5.8 m; 4. three modal ion Na+, K+ peak appeared at 0.43 ~ 0.65 m.2.1 ~ 3.3 m.4.7 ~ 5.8 M. the four typical city were found in two (S042-N03-, NH4+) SAN ion mode showed SAN transfer. By the spring, the summer of 0.43 ~ 0.651am peak, and the winter in 0.65 ~ 1.1 m peak. Showing a shift from condensation mode to the droplet mode humidity may trend. This is mainly the transfer of May also influence factors. In the winter of particulate sulfate and nitrate in droplet mode is due to a higher proportion of winter is mainly transported north of sulfate, long-distance transportation in the process of sulfate and hygroscopic growth, while summer and autumn produced more local sulfate. Through principal component analysis, the main pollutants in spring in Hangzhou is the two pollutants and the source of combustion, on behalf of a mixture of man-made pollution source combustion source. Winter pollutant generation and accumulation and biomass burning and dust emissions of city process. Principal component analysis shows that Suzhou area spring pollution type for industrial emissions, emissions from coal-fired pollution types. Summer features are not obvious. Autumn soil dust, pollution from combustion and two common components. The ions into winter mixed combustion sources of anthropogenic air pollution as the main types of pollution types in Nanjing region in spring. For the two time of transformation of ion and vehicle exhaust, we must control the combustion of coal and vehicle exhaust. The types of pollution in winter are biomass burning and surface soil dust. The burning of autumn straw has a great influence on the distribution of water-soluble ions in summer, which is influenced by sea salt.

【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X513

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