海洋放射性污染生态风险评价研究进展

发布时间：2018-01-04 15:49

本文关键词：海洋放射性污染生态风险评价研究进展　出处：《生态毒理学报》2016年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国核电事业迅猛发展,海洋放射性污染的风险激增,放射物质的事故性污染将成为海洋环境一个重要问题。目前,海洋环境放射性污染风险评估的研究仍然较为薄弱,开展海洋放射性污染生态风险评价有助于了解事故对海洋生态的危害程度,为海洋与海岸带环境管理提供科学决策依据,维护海洋生态系统的健康与安全。梳理总结当前国内外海洋放射性污染生态风险评价的相关研究进展,结果表明:目前国内外对海洋放射性污染生态风险评价尚未做出科学的定义;现有海洋放射性污染生态风险评价的技术路线大体可归纳为基于经典风险评估框架和基于迭代的生态风险评价框架2种类型;ERICA Tool模型以及RESRAD-BIOTA模型是目前放射性风险评价中应用最多的方法 ,但存在海洋放射性污染标准限值少的问题;现有的研究主要集中于评估事故中后期均衡条件下的长期慢性暴露评价,对事故初期的高剂量、短期急性暴露的风险影响研究较少;我国海洋放射性污染的生态风险评价与环境影响评价的概念混淆,至今没有明确的海洋放射性污染生态风险评价的概念及技术框架。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's nuclear power industry, the risk of marine radioactive pollution in the accidental pollution of radioactive substances will become an important problem in marine environment. At present, the research of radioactive pollution risk assessment of marine environment is still relatively weak, the development of marine ecological risk assessment on radiation pollution contributes to the degree of harm to the marine ecosystem the understanding of the accident, provide scientific basis for the marine and coastal environment management, to maintain the health and safety of the marine ecosystem. Progress in related research, summing up the current domestic and foreign marine radioactive pollution ecological risk evaluation results showed that the ecological risk assessment of marine radioactive pollution at home and abroad have not yet made a scientific definition of the existing ecological technology route; the risk of marine radioactive pollution assessment can be generally concluded as based on the classical risk assessment framework and based on Ecological wind iteration The risk assessment framework of 2 types; ERICA Tool model and RESRAD-BIOTA model is the most widely used radioactive risk assessment methods, but there are limits less Marine Standard radioactive pollution; chronic exposure assessment of long existing research focused on the assessment of the accident under the equilibrium condition of late, the accident early high dose, short term the effect of acute exposure risk less; ecological risk assessment and environmental impact of marine radioactive pollution assessment in China the concept of confusion, no pollution and ecological risk assessment of marine radioactive clear concept and technical framework.

【作者单位】：厦门大学海洋与海岸带发展研究院;
【基金】：国家海洋局南海环境监测中心和福建省海洋环境与渔业资源监测中心委托项目
【分类号】：X55;X820.4
【正文快照】： 海洋放射性污染生态风险评价是指评估海洋环境中放射性污染对生物、种群和群落造成有害影响的可能性[1]。2011年3月11日日本福岛发生重大核电事故,大量放射性物质排放入海,在海流作用下,放射性物质大量扩散[2];海洋生物对核素的富集会对海洋生态系统造成直接或间接影响[3],进

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