乘用车内空气污染物特性研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 20:14

本文关键词：乘用车内空气污染物特性研究　出处：《北京理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着公众环境意识及自我保护意识的不断提高，车内环境问题近年来备受关注。为了明确车内空气中污染物浓度随温度、测试方法等因素的影响以及对人体的健康危害，本文研究了新车和在用车内气相多环芳烃的浓度水平以及夏季日常气温变化下车内八种污染物的浓度变化，并对暴露于此污染物浓度下的人体健康风险进行评估。分别采用国内和国际的车内空气测试方法进行对比试验来研究测试方法对结果的影响。本文使用2,4-DNPH采样管采集醛酮类物质并用高效液相色谱仪（HPLC）进行定量分析；分别使用Tenax TA管和装有XAD-2树脂和聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）的玻璃采样筒采集挥发性有机物（VOCs）和气相多环芳烃（PAHs）并用气相色谱质谱联用仪进行定量分析。结果表明：在用车的车内PAHs比新车都降低80%，在用车PAHs中各组分比新车中的16种PAHs降低了67%以上，，新车中PAHs对于车辆使用者的致癌风险明显高于在用车，多环芳烃对于女性的致癌风险略低于男性；醛酮物质以及VOC总量随着检测温度升高，浓度增大，但浓度并不与温度成线性关系，平均温度点24°C时测得的苯的平均浓度水平下，男女的致癌风险是可接受的，35°C的致癌风险是29°C时致癌风险的2倍左右，男女在一天三个温度点下都存在甲醛致癌风险，午间温度最高时致癌风险超出可接受水平60倍；HJ/T400和ISO12219两种方法对于8种物质的检测都有效，但是检出能力不同。车辆密闭时间越长，污染物浓度越高，越有利于检出，但车内污染物浓度的累积并不与密闭静置时间成正比。两种方法的标准模式所检出的8种污染物的平均浓度值做线性相关性曲线相关系数R2高达0.994。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of public environmental awareness and self-protection awareness, the problem of vehicle environment has been concerned in recent years. In order to determine the concentration of pollutants in the air with temperature. This paper studies the concentration level of gas phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in new car and in-use vehicle and the change of eight pollutants in daily air temperature change in summer. The human health risk exposed to this pollutant concentration was evaluated and the effects of the test methods on the results were studied by using domestic and international in-vehicle air test methods. In this paper, the aldehydes and ketones were collected by 2C4-DNPH sampling tube and quantitatively analyzed by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were collected using Tenax TA tube and glass sampler containing XAD-2 resin and polyurethane foam respectively. The quantitative analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the PAHs of in-vehicle was 80% lower than that of new car. Compared with 16 kinds of PAHs in new car, the components of PAHs in in-use vehicle decreased by more than 67%, and the carcinogenic risk of PAHs in new car was significantly higher than that in in-use vehicle. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were slightly less carcinogenic in women than in men; The concentration of aldehydes and ketones and the total amount of VOC increased with the increase of detection temperature, but there was no linear relationship between the concentration and the temperature. The average concentration of benzene was measured at 24 掳C at the average temperature. The carcinogenic risk of men and women was about twice as high as that of the acceptable 35 掳C at 29 掳C. both men and women had formaldehyde carcinogenic risks at three temperature points a day. The risk of carcinogenesis at the highest midday temperature was 60 times higher than the acceptable level; HJ/T400 and ISO12219 are effective for the detection of eight substances, but the detection ability is different. The longer the vehicle sealing time, the higher the concentration of pollutants, the more conducive to detection. However, the accumulation of pollutant concentration in the vehicle is not directly proportional to the closed static time. The linear correlation curve correlation coefficient R2 of the average concentration of the eight pollutants detected by the standard model of the two methods is as high as 0.994.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X51;U463.8

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