吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼安全性评价

发布时间：2018-01-08 06:13

本文关键词：吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼安全性评价　出处：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：吡唑醚菌酯是目前活性最高的甲氧基丙烯酸酯类农药,具有广谱、高效的特性,具有极强的发展潜力。从环境保护的角度看,吡唑醚菌酯所引起的环境问题必将成为社会关注的热点,而目前对于其环境影响的关注仅集中在环境残留方面,对水生生物毒性效应研究甚少。因此,本研究开展吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼成鱼及胚胎急性毒性试验,并在此基础上,开展其对斑马鱼成鱼及胚胎的亚致死毒性试验研究,综合评价其对斑马鱼的安全性。本研究旨在减少吡唑醚菌酯使用的环境风险,为甲氧基丙烯酸酯类农药合理使用及其环境安全管理工作提供科学依据。主要研究内容和结果如下：研究了吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼急性毒性影响。根据《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》中的试验方法,开展吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼成鱼及胚胎急性毒性试验。研究结果表明,吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼成鱼及胚胎的LC50(96h)值分别为635 ug/L、92.7 ug/L,急性毒性等级分别为高毒、剧毒。吡唑醚菌酯会导致斑马鱼成鱼出现游动缓慢、鳃部出血、游动失去平衡等中毒症状,并能导致斑马鱼胚胎或仔鱼卵黄囊肿大、心包囊肿大、卵黄囊内部出血、脊椎畸形等。开展了吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼成鱼毒性效应研究。根据成鱼急性毒性试验结果,本研究开展亚慢性毒性试验,测定亚致死浓度下,吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼成鱼生长发育及抗氧化系统的毒性影响。研究结果表明,吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼体重和体长的增长具有一定的抑制效应,50μg/L的吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼生长发育的抑制效应显著,其中体重反应更敏感,与吡唑醚菌酯暴露浓度存在良好的剂量效应关系。吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼肝脏抗氧化防御系统具有一定损伤。随着暴露时间的延长,SOD、CAT活性均表现出先升高后降低的趋势。吡唑醚菌酯暴露后GST活性出现不同程度的降低。随着吡唑醚菌酯暴露浓度增加,SOD、CAT、GST活性均显著降低。吡唑醚菌酯暴露14d后,SOD、 CAT、GST活性与吡唑醚菌酯浓度之间的剂量效应关系较明显。研究了吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼胚胎毒性效应。在斑马鱼胚胎发育急性毒性试验基础上,开展斑马鱼卵黄囊吸收阶段的毒性试验。研究结果表明,吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼胚胎孵化影响较大,随着暴露浓度的增加,斑马鱼胚胎死亡率升高,孵化率显著减小。斑马鱼胚胎发育24hpf时,1min内自主运动频率正常,即在胚胎发育初期,吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼神经行为影响较小。吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性效应明显。吡唑醚菌酯浓度为25.6μg/L、41.0μ/L时,48hpf斑马鱼胚胎出现心包囊肿大、卵黄囊肿大、出血等症状,且10s内心率与对照相比显著降低,至72hpf胚胎孵化后畸变效应均消失。65.5μg/L、105μg/L浓度处理的吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼胚胎发育影响较大,导致斑马鱼48hpf心率显著降低,抑制胚胎发育,导致胚胎眼睛着色不明显、卵黄囊肿大、卵黄囊出血、脊椎弯曲等症状,且随着吡唑醚菌酯浓度的升高,毒性效应显著增加。
[Abstract]:Pyraclostrobin is currently the highest activity of strobilurin pesticide, broad-spectrum, high efficiency characteristics, has a strong potential for development. From the perspective of environmental protection, environmental problems will pyraclostrobin caused become the focus of the society, and the environmental impact of attention only focus on environmental residues, little research on aquatic toxicity effect. Therefore, the study of pyraclostrobin on adult zebrafish embryos and acute toxicity test, and on this basis, to carry out the adult zebrafish embryos and sublethal toxicity to zebrafish, comprehensive evaluation of its safety. The purpose of this study is to to reduce the environmental risk of pyraclostrobin use, to provide a scientific basis for strobilurin pesticide rational use and environmental safety management. The main research contents and results are as follows: the research of Effect of pyrazole kresoxim on acute toxicity of zebrafish. According to the test criteria for evaluation of chemical pesticide environmental safety < >, carry out pyraclostrobin on adult zebrafish embryos and acute toxicity test. The results show that the LC50 of pyraclostrobin on adult zebrafish embryos and the (96h) values were 635 ug/L 92.7, ug/L, acute toxicity grade were highly toxic, highly toxic. Pyraclostrobin will lead to emergence of adult zebrafish swimming slowly, gill bleeding, walk out of balance and other symptoms of poisoning, and can lead to zebrafish embryo or yolk sac larval enlargement, pericardial cyst, yolk sac internal hemorrhage, spinal deformity. Carry out the study of pyraclostrobin effect on adult zebrafish toxicity. According to the results of adult acute toxicity test, this study carried out subchronic toxicity test, determination of sublethal concentrations, pyraclostrobin on adult zebrafish growth and antioxidant The toxic effects of the system. The results show that the pyraclostrobin has certain inhibitory effect on the body weight and body length of zebrafish growth inhibitory effect of pyraclostrobin 50 g/L on the growth and development of zebrafish obviously, the weight was more sensitive, there is a good dose effect relationship with the concentration of pyrazole ether azoxystrobin exposure. Pyraclostrobin has certain damage on the antioxidant defense system in zebrafish liver. With prolonged exposure time, SOD, CAT activity showed first increased and then decreased. Pyraclostrobin GST activity after exposure to varying degrees of reduction. With the exposure of pyraclostrobin concentration increased SOD, CAT, GST activity decreased significantly. Pyraclostrobin after exposure of 14d, SOD, CAT, dose effect relationship between GST activity and pyraclostrobin concentration obviously. The study of pyraclostrobin on zebrafish embryo toxicity in zebrafish. Based on the acute toxicity test of embryonic development, carry out toxicity test of zebra yolk sac absorption stage. The results showed that pyraclostrobin has great effect on the hatching, with the increase of exposure concentrations, increased mortality of zebrafish embryos, the hatching rate decreased significantly. The 24hpf of zebrafish embryos, independent movement 1min frequency normal. In the early embryonic development, little effect of pyraclostrobin on zebrafish neural behavior. Pyraclostrobin significantly toxic effects on zebrafish embryonic development. Pyraclostrobin concentration is 25.6 g/L, 41 /L, 48hpf in zebrafish embryos peritoneopericardial enlargement, yolk sac enlargement, bleeding and other symptoms, and 10s and heart rate decreased significantly compared to the control, the distortion effect 72hpf embryo hatching were disappeared after.65.5 g/L, pyraclostrobin 105 g/L concentration treatment of zebrafish embryos was affected, resulting in zebrafish The heart rate of 48hpf decreased significantly, which inhibited embryo development, resulted in no obvious coloration of embryo eyes, yolk sac enlargement, yolk sac bleeding and spinal curvature. With the increase of the concentration of pyrazole, the toxic effect increased significantly.

【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.5;X592

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