大中型养殖场废弃物处理沼气工程应用模式及工程实例

发布时间：2018-01-09 12:04

本文关键词：大中型养殖场废弃物处理沼气工程应用模式及工程实例　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前畜禽养殖业的发展过快,污染问题日益严重,成为我国农业面源污染的主要来源之一。大力推广畜禽废弃物处理沼气技术应用模式对解决我国农村地区的能源问题、环境问题具有重大意义。养殖废水具有典型污染物指标高的特征,一般养殖废水中COD含量高达4000-8000mg/L,BOD含量高达2000-6000mg/L,NH3-N高达200-700mg/L,SS浓度高达5000-10000mg/L,想要达标处理有很大难度。对大中型沼气技术模式处理畜禽养殖污染进行系统研究,有利于降低畜禽养殖业排放的污染,也有利于推动沼气工程在实际工程中的应用。本文对大中型养殖场沼气处理废弃物从以下几方面进行了阐述与分析：(1)对国内外畜禽养殖场废水处理的主要模式、沼气工程主要内要内容进行了分析；沼气工程的应用结合国内外的实例分为能源生态类和能源环保类,这二种模式有不同的特点和使用范围；常用沼气厌氧罐类型分为升流式厌氧复合床(UBF)、升流式固体反应器(USR)、完全混合式厌氧反应器(CSTR)和上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB),以及不同特点和适用范围。(2)沼气工程各系统及功能主要包含预处理系统、厌氧消化系统、后处理系统、污泥处理系统、沼气净化利用系统。工程实例的分析表明,应用沼气工程技术进行大中型养殖场排放物处理,通过原有设计方案和实际运行监测结果进行比较表明沼气技术对处理畜禽废水中的CODcr、BOD5、SS有着很好的效果,年平均处理效果可以达到80%左右,NH3-N去除率不高,约为5%左右。(3)沼气工程应用于畜禽养殖废水的处理,即可达到污水处理的效果,也可以回收能源,降低成本的目的。具有明显的社会效益、环境效益和经济效益。现部分地区采用《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级排放标准CODcr100mg/L,BOD520mg/L、 SS70mg/L、NH3-N15mg/L,因此养殖场污染排放要求已经提高。畜禽养殖污水处理中,大型养殖场水量大,排放要求高。沼气工程需结合其他环保工艺处理以推动能源环保型模式的应用范围扩大。
[Abstract]:At present, the livestock and poultry breeding industry is developing too fast, and the pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. It has become one of the main sources of agricultural non-point source pollution in China. Vigorously popularizing the application mode of biogas technology for livestock and poultry waste treatment can solve the energy problem in rural areas of China. Environmental problems are of great significance. Aquaculture wastewater has the characteristics of high typical pollutant index, the COD content in general culture wastewater is as high as 4000-8000mg / L. The BOD content is as high as 2000-6000 mg / L, NH3-N, 200-700 mg / L, SS, 5000-10000mg / L. It is very difficult to meet the standards of treatment. The treatment of livestock and poultry pollution by large and medium biogas technology model will be helpful to reduce the pollution of livestock and poultry industry. It is also beneficial to promote the application of biogas engineering in practical projects. This paper expounds and analyzes the waste treatment of biogas in large and medium-sized farms from the following aspects: 1). The main treatment mode of domestic and foreign livestock farm wastewater. The main contents of biogas engineering are analyzed. The application of biogas engineering is divided into energy ecology and energy environmental protection combined with examples at home and abroad. These two models have different characteristics and application scope. The types of biogas anaerobic tank are classified as UBFN and USR. Complete mixed anaerobic reactor (CSTR) and upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASBN), as well as different characteristics and application range. 2) Biogas engineering systems and functions mainly include pretreatment systems. Anaerobic digestion system, post-treatment system, sludge treatment system, biogas purification and utilization system. The comparison between the original design scheme and the actual monitoring results shows that the biogas technology has a good effect on the treatment of CODcr-BOD5Ss in livestock and poultry wastewater. The average annual treatment effect can reach about 80%% NH _ 3-N removal rate is not high, about 5%%.) Biogas engineering used in livestock and poultry breeding wastewater treatment, can achieve the effect of sewage treatment. Can also recover energy, reduce the purpose of cost, with obvious social benefits. Environmental benefit and economic benefit. The first class discharge standard CODcr100mg/L in Integrated sewage discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) has been adopted in some areas. BOD520 mg / L, SS70 mg / L, NH3-N15 mg / L, so the pollution discharge requirement has been raised. In the treatment of livestock and poultry wastewater, the large scale farm has a large amount of water. Biogas engineering should be combined with other environmental protection processes to promote the application of energy environmental protection model.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S216.4;X713

【相似文献】