厌氧—好氧生物法处理高浓度聚丙烯酰胺污水效能研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 19:22

本文关键词：厌氧—好氧生物法处理高浓度聚丙烯酰胺污水效能研究　出处：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)由于其优越的物理化学性质被广泛地应用于油田三次采油过程中,它随着油田采出水进入水环境中,具有粘度大、生物抗性强等特点,会给动植物的安全带来长期的潜在的威胁。在众多处理方法中,生物方法显示出越来越多的优越性,且随着不同氧环境下生物方法的不断深入研究,单一氧环境逐渐显示出了其局限性。本研究中,将厌氧和好氧生物过程结合起来,利用两株HPAM降解菌(PAM-2,PAM-F1)和活性污泥处理HPAM浓度为500mg·L-1的模拟污水；初步探究了降解过程中厌氧与好氧生物反应器中微生物群落结构特征及生物量,探讨了HPAM模拟污水的依时性及生物降解过程中各因素对HPAM降解的贡献度。实验结论如下：(1)静置时间对HPAM水溶液剪切粘度和pH有影响,静置时间在20h之内时HPAM水溶液剪切粘度变化很小,当静置时间大于20h时剪切粘度有很明显的损失；静置时间在24h之内时pH变化不明显,当静置时间大于24h时pH有很明显的降低。静置时间小于7天时,氧化还原电位(ORP)几乎没有变化,即在短时间内氧化还原电位几乎不受静置影响；在7000r/min转速时,当搅拌时间大于10h后对HPAM水溶液剪切粘度有明显的损失。(2)利用活性污泥及HPAM降解混合菌进行摇瓶实验,结果显示在全部的降解效果中活性污泥对HPAM吸附作用占32.9%,活性污泥对HPAM降解作用占19.9%, HPAM降解混合菌的协同降解作用占47.2%。(3)在最佳降解参数下运行反应器,根据淀粉碘化镉法HPAM去除率可达86%; HPAM污水降解过程中,剪切粘度下降可达75%：根据总有机碳的变化HPAM去除率只有32.93%。(4)由多重检测手段得到的降解效果的显著差异可以得知,HPAM的酰胺基团在生物降解过程中较碳链更容易被降解利用。.根据HPLC、GPC及扫描电镜法等生物降解前后检测结果可知,HPAM由相对分子质量约为2.2×107的超长分子链被生物降解成为相对分子质量约为3.5×103的小分子片段。(5)由检测得模拟污水降解前后参数例如pH、氧化还原电位、挥发性脂肪酸等的变化规律发现,待生物反应器启动后能够达到一个稳定的状态。(6)在厌氧反应器ABR中。第二个隔室内微生物浓度有所下降,第三、四个隔室又逐渐恢复最后超过第一个隔室。根据扫描电镜法结果可知,经过驯化后的活性污泥在生物反应过程中熟化,变为疏松多孔的熟化污泥,可以为微生物提供更多的附着点,有利用HPAM的降解。(7)扫描电镜结果和DGGE结果都表明,在不同氧环境生物过程中,接种HPAM降解菌PAM-2、PAM-F1始终为优势菌种,且降解过程中,活性污泥和接种菌产生一定的协同作用。
[Abstract]:Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is widely used in the tertiary oil recovery process because of its superior physical and chemical properties. It has a high viscosity with the oilfield produced water entering into the water environment. Biological resistance and other characteristics will bring long-term potential threats to the safety of animals and plants. Among the many treatment methods, biological methods show more and more advantages. With the continuous in-depth study of biological methods in different oxygen environments, the single oxygen environment gradually shows its limitations. In this study, anaerobic and aerobic biological processes are combined. Two HPAM degrading bacteria PAM-2PAM-F1) and activated sludge were used to treat simulated wastewater with HPAM concentration of 500mg 路L ~ (-1). The structure characteristics and biomass of microbial community in anaerobic and aerobic bioreactor were preliminarily investigated. The time-dependence of HPAM simulated wastewater and the contribution of various factors to the degradation of HPAM in the process of biodegradation were discussed. The experimental results are as follows: 1). The static time has an effect on the shear viscosity and pH of HPAM aqueous solution. The shear viscosity of HPAM aqueous solution changed little within 20h, but the shear viscosity was obviously lost when the statics time was more than 20h. There was no significant change in pH within 24 h, but the pH decreased significantly when the rest time was greater than 24 h. When the resting time was less than 7 days, the redox potential (ORP) was almost unchanged. That is to say, the redox potential is almost unaffected by statics in a short period of time. When the stirring time was more than 10 h, the shear viscosity of HPAM aqueous solution was obviously lost. (2) the shaking flask experiment was carried out by using activated sludge and HPAM degrading mixed bacteria. The results showed that the adsorption of HPAM by activated sludge was 32.9m, and the degradation of HPAM by activated sludge was 19.9%. The synergistic degradation of mixed bacteria by HPAM accounted for 47.2%. The reactor was operated under the optimum degradation parameters. According to the HPAM removal rate of cadmium iodide method of starch, the removal rate of HPAM could reach 86%. HPAM wastewater degradation process. The shear viscosity can decrease to 75%: according to the change of total organic carbon, the HPAM removal rate is only 32.933.10%) the significant difference of the degradation effect obtained by the multiple detection method can be known. The amide-group of HPAM is easier to be used in the biodegradation process than the carbon chain. According to the results before and after biodegradation, such as HPLC-GPC and scanning electron microscopy, we can know. HPAM was biodegraded from an ultra-long molecular chain with a relative molecular weight of about 2.2 脳 10 ~ 7 to a small molecular fragment with a relative molecular weight of 3.5 脳 10 ~ 3. Parameters such as pH before and after simulated sewage degradation were detected. Redox potential, volatile fatty acids and other changes found. After the bioreactor was started, the bioreactor could reach a stable state. (6) in the anaerobic reactor ABR, the concentration of microorganism in the second compartment decreased, and the third. Four compartments gradually recovered and finally exceeded the first compartment. According to the results of scanning electron microscopy, the activated sludge after acclimation was ripened into porous matured sludge during the biological reaction. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and DGGE showed that in the biological process of different oxygen environment. Inoculation of HPAM degrading bacteria PAM-2PAM-F1 was always the dominant strain, and in the process of degradation, the activated sludge and inoculation bacteria produced a certain synergistic effect.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X741

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