二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺共聚物的双水相合成及应用

发布时间：2018-01-14 06:31

  本文关键词：二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺共聚物的双水相合成及应用　出处：《长安大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 双水相 丙烯酰胺(AM) 阳离子度 竟聚率 絮凝剂

【摘要】：随着现代化的推进,工业及生活废水中的有机质含量显著提高。这些含有机物或胶体的水体系都带负电荷,故使用阳离子高分子絮凝剂能产生很好的絮凝净化作用,因此,絮凝剂阳离子化是未来发展的重要方向之一。二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)反应生成的阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺是一种具有高效无毒,正电荷密度高,成本低等优点的聚合物,故在水处理方面的运用比较普遍。本文采用过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原体系,以AM、DMDAAC为共聚单体,以聚乙二醇(PEG)为分散介质,通过双水相共聚法制备阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺类絮凝剂P(AM-DMDAAC)。对共聚反应工艺条件进行了优化、双水相共聚合的相关理论进行了研究,也对聚合产物的结构和性能进行了表征,并将产物应用于模拟废水,获得了有意义的结论。(1)采用单因素试验探索聚合反应条件,并考察各因素对共聚反应产物相对分子质量和阳离子度的影响。设计4因素3水平(L9(34))正交实验,探究制备较高粘均分子量和较大阳离子度的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的最佳工艺条件。(2)分析聚合产物的红外图谱,确定AM与DMDAAC是否共聚。(3)研究了AM-DMDAAC二元共聚物微分方程,按照K-T法、F-R法、YBR法计算出单体AM和DMDAAC在共聚反应过程中的竞聚率,研究聚合的类型以及利用竞聚率绘制F-f图。(4)探究绘制了双水相聚合体系液/液边界图,研究双水相体系分相时两高聚物质量分数关系,绘制分相图,同时研究了AM-DMDAAC的反应动力学,并绘出动力学曲线。(5)将最终合成产物在模拟污水处理中进行实际应用,考察聚合产物阳离子度和粘均分子量对去浊率的影响,并采用单因素试验探索絮凝反应条件,并考察各因素对去浊率的影响。设计L9(34)正交实验,探究絮凝试验的最佳反应条件。通过单因素实验可知:阳离子度随着引发剂用量增加、单体配比变大、PEG含量增多、pH值升高及温度升高都先增加后减小;粘均分子量随着引发剂用量增加、单体配比变大、PEG含量增多、pH值升高都先增加后减小,而温度在55℃-65℃时对粘均分子量的影响不大,当高于65℃时才会使粘均分子量下降。由正交试验可知:在单体配比为6:1,m(PEG)=7g,T=65℃,引发剂(过硫酸铵、亚硫酸氢钠)各1.6mL,pH=8.5的条件下,合成的P(AM-DMDAAC)的粘均分子量最大,可达9.395×105,其中各单因素影响作用的主次顺序为:pH温度引发剂用量单体配比;在单体配比为7:1,引发剂各1.6m L,m(PEG)=7g,T=65℃,pH=7的最优条件下,合成的P(AM-DMDAAC)阳离子度最大可达7.465%,且各因素的主次顺序为:单体配比pH温度引发剂用量。产物对废水的去浊率随着阳离子度及粘均分子量的增大而变强。由絮凝的单因素实验可知:皂土初始浊度的增加会使聚合产物的絮凝效果不断降低;P(AM-DMDAAC)投加量的增加、搅拌时间的增长、pH的增大、温度的升高都会使絮凝的效果先增强后减弱。由絮凝的正交试验可知:在P(AM-DMDAAC)投加量为0.3mL,搅拌时间60min,PH=6,温度60℃的条件下,对废水的处理效果最佳,去浊率高达96.87%,其中各单因素影响的次序为:投加量温度PH值搅拌时间。通过对实验合成的P(AM-DMDAAC)的红外图谱分析,证实AM与DMDAAC确实有发生共聚。通过竞聚率设计实验测得AM及DMDAAC的竞聚率分别为r(AM)=1.1208,r(DMDAAC)=0.7674。并且绘制出反应的动力学曲线、F-f图以及CPAM-PEG双水相相图。
[Abstract]:With the advance of modernization, the content of organic matter in industrial and domestic wastewater increased significantly. These organic colloids and water system are negatively charged, so the use of cationic polymer flocculants can produce flocculation good purifying effect, therefore, is one of the most important cationic flocculant development direction in the future. Two dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and acrylamide (AM) cationic polyacrylamide reaction is a kind of efficient non-toxic, high positive charge density, low cost polymer, so the application in water treatment is relatively common. This paper uses the ammonium persulfate oxidation reduction system in Sodium Bisulfite, AM, DMDAAC as comonomer, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as dispersion medium, preparation of cationic polyacrylamide flocculant P by aqueous two-phase copolymerization method (AM-DMDAAC). The reaction conditions were optimized, the double water The related theory of phase copolymerization were studied, also were used to characterize the structure and properties of the resulting product, and the product is applied to simulated wastewater, obtain meaningful conclusions. (1) by using single factor test to explore the conditions of polymerization, and the effects of various factors on the copolymerization reaction products affect the molecular weight and cationic the design of 4 factors and 3 levels. (L9 (34)) orthogonal experiment, the optimum process conditions of cationic polyacrylamide preparation of high viscosity average molecular weight and a relatively large ions degree. (2) infrared spectrum analysis of polymerization products, AM and DMDAAC. (3) whether the copolymerization of AM-DMDAAC two copolymer according to the differential equation, K-T method, F-R method, YBR method to calculate the monomer AM and DMDAAC in the copolymerization process of reactivity ratio, polymerization type and reactivity ratio by drawing F-f. (4) research draw the aqueous two-phase polymerization liquid / liquid boundary map, Study on the aqueous two-phase system when the mass fraction of polymer phase two, phase diagram drawing, and the reaction kinetics of AM-DMDAAC, and draw the kinetic curve. (5) the final synthesis product in simulated wastewater treatment for practical application, the influence of polymerization products of cationic degree and viscosity average molecular weight of turbidity removal rate, and the to explore the flocculation reaction conditions of single factor test, and the effects of various factors on the influence of turbidity removal rate. The design of L9 (34) orthogonal experiment, the optimum reaction conditions of flocculation test. Through the single factor experiment indicated that the cationic degree with the initiator amount, monomer ratio increases, the increase of PEG content, the increase of pH value and the temperature rise are increased first and then decreased; the viscosity average molecular weight increased with the dosage of initiator, monomer ratio increases, the increase of PEG content, the increase of pH value were increased first and then decreased, while the temperature of average molecular viscosity at 55 DEG -65 DEG C. 鍝嶄笉澶，

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