难降解有机废水的催化氧化研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 08:28

本文关键词：难降解有机废水的催化氧化研究　出处：《中北大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：难降解有机废水的处理，是目前国内外污水处理界公认的难题。所谓“难降解”是指这类废水的可生化性较低，难以生物降解。石油化工废水和荧光剂生产废水组成复杂，具有生物毒性强、浓度高的特点，对环境污染严重，难以进行生物降解。因此本课题选用以上两种难降解有机废水分别进行研究。针对石油化工废水，先对其COD值测定，并进行红外光谱分析，通过单因素测试，分别确定微波的功率、辐射时间、pH值、活性炭用量、氧化剂和催化剂用量的最佳效果。最后进行复合测试，观察各因素在不同组合、不同条件下的变化规律，并确定最佳效果。微波下，50ml稀释20倍的废水在碱性条件下，，中火微波辐射5min，加入0.1g CuO，0.1g活性炭和0.5ml3％的H2O2，COD值最小为73mg/L。去除率为80%。但在实验过程中发现废水在碱性条件下与金属离子发生沉降。针对此现象进行进一步测试，发现在选取50ml原废水并加入FeSO41.4g后，在碱性条件下，中火微波辐射2min，其COD值从7380mg/L降到608mg/L，降低率为92％。说明微波条件下沉降效果优于催化氧化的效果。针对荧光剂生产废水的研究，通过对荧光废水的特点及难以处理的原因分析，确定微波辐射的处理方案，在功率为600W、辐射时间为9min、pH值为4的条件下，COD去除率最高只有38.8%。再对原废水进行酸沉处理，当调节pH为1~2时，发现酸沉条件下微波处理效果更好，COD去除率在52%以上。在此基础上对酸沉废水进一步研究，探究微波功率、辐射时间、pH值、试剂用量对处理效果的影响及作用机理，然后再对各因素组合对比研究。实验研究结果表明，当辐射功率为600W、辐射时间为9min、pH值为2、质量分数为30%的H2O2的量为0.3mL，且质量分数为1%的负载CuO加入量为0.8g时，荧光剂生产废水的COD去除率达到81.25%，说明在微波条件下荧光废水的催化氧化效果更好。为了适用于工业化废水处理，提高难降解有机废水处理的可行性，故本研究针对荧光剂生产废水采用酸性净化，沉淀大部分生物难降解荧光剂，使其COD降至2600mg/L左右，再利用微波+Fenton氧化—投加石灰组合的强化学氧化性和絮凝沉淀双重作用，使其COD降至700~800mg/L左右。再利用现有生物法即可将荧光废水COD降低，使其COD降至75mg/L，整体去除率达到98.63%，该法处理成本低，净化效果显著。
[Abstract]:The treatment of refractory organic wastewater is recognized as a difficult problem in domestic and international wastewater treatment field. The so-called "refractory" means that the biodegradability of this kind of wastewater is low. It is difficult to biodegrade. Petrochemical wastewater and fluorescent wastewater have complex composition, strong biotoxicity, high concentration, and serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the above two kinds of refractory organic wastewater are studied separately. The COD value of petrochemical wastewater was determined firstly, and the infrared spectrum analysis was carried out. The microwave power, radiation time and pH value, and the amount of activated carbon were determined by single factor test. The optimum effect of the dosage of oxidant and catalyst. Finally, the compound test was carried out to observe the change rule of various factors under different combinations and conditions, and to determine the best effect under microwave. 50 ml wastewater diluted 20 times in alkaline condition, microwave irradiation for 5 min, adding 0.1 g CuOO 0.1 g activated carbon and 0.5 ml 3% H 2O 2. The minimum value of COD is 73 mg / L, the removal rate is 80%. However, in the process of experiment, it was found that the wastewater was deposited with metal ions in alkaline condition. It was found that after 50 ml of raw wastewater was selected and added to FeSO41.4g, the COD value decreased from 7380 mg / L to 608 mg / L under alkaline conditions and microwave irradiation for 2 min. The reduction rate is 92. It shows that the sedimentation effect under microwave condition is better than that of catalytic oxidation. According to the study on the wastewater from fluorescent agent production, the treatment scheme of microwave radiation was determined by analyzing the characteristics of fluorescent wastewater and the reasons for its difficulty in treatment. The power was 600W and the radiation time was 9min. The highest removal rate of COD at pH 4 is only 38.8%. When the pH is adjusted to 1 ~ 2:00, the microwave treatment is better when the original wastewater is treated by acid precipitation. The removal rate of COD is more than 52%. On this basis, the influence of microwave power, radiation time, pH value and reagent dosage on the treatment efficiency and the mechanism of treatment are further studied. The experimental results show that when the radiation power is 600 W, the radiation time is 9 min and pH value is 2. When the amount of H _ 2O _ 2 with mass fraction of 30% was 0.3 mL, and the amount of loaded CuO with mass fraction of 1% was 0.8 g, the removal rate of COD in the wastewater from fluorescent production reached 81.25%. The results show that the catalytic oxidation effect of fluorescent wastewater is better under microwave condition. In order to be suitable for industrial wastewater treatment and to improve the feasibility of refractory organic wastewater treatment, acid purification and precipitation of most biodegradable fluorescent agents were adopted in this study. The COD was reduced to about 2600mg / L, and the combination of microwave Fenton oxidation and lime was used to enhance the oxidation and flocculation precipitation. The COD of fluorescent wastewater can be reduced to 75 mg / L by using the existing biological methods, and the overall removal rate is 98.63%. The treatment cost is low and the purification effect is remarkable.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703.1

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