不同改良剂对玉米富集重金属含量的影响

发布时间：2018-01-18 09:51

本文关键词：不同改良剂对玉米富集重金属含量的影响　出处：《南方农业学报》2016年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：【目的】筛选出能够最大限度降低植株重金属含量,价格较低廉且当地易获得的改良剂,为复合污染土壤的修复提供理论依据。【方法】通过大田实验,以不施改良剂为对照(CK),选用不同的改良剂(煤灰、菌渣、蚕沙、煤灰/菌渣、煤灰/蚕沙)施入受污染的土壤中,用原子吸收光谱法测定砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)等重金属在玉米不同生长时期和不同部位的富集情况,分析不同改良剂的改良效果。【结果】不同改良剂均能减少玉米植株各器官的重金属含量。在单独施用一种改良剂的情况下,与CK相比,玉米苗期施用煤灰后其根部吸收Cd、Pb、Zn的比例分别降低65.45%、29.00%和54.28%,蚕沙对地上部富集重金属的抑制效果最佳,吸收As、Cd、Pb和Zn分别降低60.46%、68.87%、63.99%和19.51%;在玉米成熟期,蚕沙对玉米根、茎富集重金属的抑制效果最佳。在施用混合改良剂的情况下,玉米苗期施入煤灰/蚕沙和煤灰/菌渣两种改良剂能钝化多种重金属,尤其适用于多种重金属污染的土壤修复;煤灰/蚕沙对玉米的根富集重金属有很好的抑制作用,与CK相比,根对As、Pb、Zn的富集分别降低72.69%、35.38%和44.72%;对地上部效果最好的是煤灰/菌渣,与CK相比,地上部对As、Cd、Pb、Zn的富集分别降低76.80%、95.46%、74.38%和30.45%;在玉米成熟期,煤灰/蚕沙对玉米叶重金属的抑制作用最明显,与CK相比,叶对As、Cd、Pb、Zn的富集分别降低67.93%、83.33%、50.48%和53.63%,但测出玉米籽粒中Zn含量均超过或接近国家限量标准,不能食用。【结论】煤灰/蚕沙对玉米吸收重金属的抑制效果最佳,能极大地减少As、Cd、Pb和Zn4种重金属在玉米中的富集量并能增加玉米产量。
[Abstract]:[Objective] selected to maximize reduce the heavy metal content of plants, improver, low price and easy access to the local, to provide a theoretical basis for the repair of contaminated soil. [method] through field experiment, by improving agent as the control group (CK), different improver (mushroom residue, ash. The silkworm, ash / residue, ash / silkworm) applied in contaminated soil, the determination of arsenic by atomic absorption spectrometry (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and other heavy metals in Maize in different growth periods and different parts of the enrichment and improvement effect on different modifiers. [result] different modifiers can reduce the content of heavy metals in various organs of maize plants. In a separate application of modified agent, compared with CK, the root of Maize Seedling after applying ash absorption of Cd, Pb and Zn ratio were decreased by 65.45%, 29% and 54.28%, silkworm excrement on shoot enrichment The inhibitory effect of heavy metals in the best absorption of As, Cd, Pb and Zn were decreased by 60.46%, 68.87%, 63.99% and 19.51%; in the maturing stage, the silkworm on maize root, the inhibitory effect of heavy metal accumulation in stems. The best use of mixed modifier under the condition of corn seedling fertilizer ash / sand and ash / slag from silkworm two kinds of amendments to the passivation of heavy metals, soil remediation is especially suitable for a variety of heavy metal pollution; ash / silkworm on maize root accumulation of heavy metals have a good inhibitory effect, compared with CK, As Pb, Zn of the root, the concentration decreased by 72.69%, 35.38% and 44.72%; the top is the best effect of ash / bacteria residue, compared with CK, the Cd, Pb, As, Zn concentration were decreased by 76.80%, 95.46%, 74.38% and 30.45%; in the maturing stage, ash / inhibition of silkworm on maize leaf heavy metal was the most obvious, compared with CK, Cd, Pb of leaf As, Zn enrichment decreased by 67.93%, 83.33%, 50.48% and 53.63%, but the measured Zn content in maize grain was above or close to the national standard, not edible. [Conclusion] ash / absorption inhibition effect of heavy metals on maize had the best, can greatly reduce the As, Cd, Pb and Zn4 in heavy metal accumulation in maize and can increase the yield of corn.

【作者单位】：广西大学农学院;
【基金】：广西自然科学基金项目(2014GXNSFAA118072)
【分类号】：X53;S156.2;S513
【正文快照】： [研究意义】土壤是人类及生物赖以生存的物质之-。近年来,大}0农药灥料}0,导致土壤帽金属污染越来越严重。无机复合肥和有机肥因其概原料本身含有重金属,且市面上的农药大部分是有机化合物,大量使用会加重重金属污染(崔德杰和张玉龙,遍4;陈海燕等,2_)。植物修复技术是-种以植

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