基于CALINE4和OSPM模型的机动车污染物模拟研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 14:04

本文关键词：基于CALINE4和OSPM模型的机动车污染物模拟研究　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国城市人口的持续增长,车辆激增、道路堵塞所导致的交通道路空气污染问题越来越严重。近年来,深圳市开展了机动车排放污染物扩散规律的研究,但对于交通道路污染物的模拟和预测,深圳市仍缺乏系统的研究。本文分别通过机动车污染物实测值分析与模式模拟两种方法,分析了深圳市机动车污染特征,考察了应用CALINE4模型和OSPM模型模拟深圳市不同道路机动车污染物扩散的适用情况。通过对深圳市机动车污染特征进行分析,结果表明,深圳市轿车数量多,运营比例高,基本上已经成为深圳市机动车的主要构成,公交车次之。交通道路田面路段NO2、PM10、SO2、O3和PM2.5年均值浓度为同期深圳市平均浓度的2.31、1.39、1.04、1.35和1.63倍。CO、NO2和PM2.5月平均浓度呈现1月、12月高,6月、7月低的季节变化特征。一天之中路边污染物出现高浓度的时刻与上下班高峰时刻基本符合。交通对城市环境空气污染的主要影响因素包括车流量、排放因子、气象条件以及街道结构。通过对CALINE4模型在深圳市开阔型道路的模拟值与实测值进行验证分析,结果表明,CO、NO2和PM10的模拟值与实测值的比值分别有86%、79%、76%的数据介于区间(0.5,2)内,确定系数分别为0.756、0.277和0.143,修正后的CALINE4模型能用于深圳市开阔型道路CO的扩散模拟,可应用在道路交通污染源的大气环境影响分析,而对NO2扩散能进行较好的模拟。应用CALINE4模型对深圳市的PM10的模拟尚需进一步的研究。通过对OSPM模型在深圳市街道峡谷型道路的模拟值与实测值进行验证分析,结果表明,NO2的模拟值与实测值的比值有83%的数据介于区间(0.5,2)内,确定系数为0.264,OSPM模型能对NO2进行一定范围内的模拟。在对模型的应用过程中分析了CALINE4、OSPM模型的原理和应用方法,并探讨了各参数的准确输入对模型预测结果精度的影响程度,为模型的修正提供理论依据。本文探索了在深圳市小区域范围内模型的引进和预测效果,填补了深圳市在这方面的空白,研究结果可以为有关部门作为了解深圳市交通道路空气中污染状况及其影响因素、制定交通道路空气污染控制对策的有力工具,有较好的科研用途和实用价值。
[Abstract]:With the continuous growth of urban population and the proliferation of vehicles, air pollution caused by road congestion is becoming more and more serious. In recent years, Shenzhen has carried out a study on the law of vehicle emission pollutant diffusion. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on the simulation and prediction of traffic road pollutants in Shenzhen. This paper analyzes the characteristics of vehicle pollution in Shenzhen by two methods of vehicle pollutant measured value analysis and model simulation. The application of CALINE4 model and OSPM model to the simulation of vehicle pollutant diffusion on different roads in Shenzhen was investigated. The results showed that the characteristics of vehicle pollution in Shenzhen were analyzed. Shenzhen has a large number of cars and a high proportion of operation, which has become the main component of motor vehicles in Shenzhen, followed by buses. The annual mean concentrations of O3 and PM2.5 were 1.31 and 1.63 times of the average concentrations of 2.31, 1.39, 1.04, 1.35 and 1.63 times of the average concentrations in Shenzhen, respectively. The monthly mean concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 were high in January, December and June. In July, the characteristics of low seasonal variation. The high concentration of roadside pollutants in a day coincides with the rush hour. The main factors affecting urban air pollution include vehicle flow and emission factors. Weather conditions and street structure. The simulation value and measured value of CALINE4 model in Shenzhen open road are verified and analyzed, the results show that CO. The ratios of the simulated values to the measured values of NO2 and PM10 were 86 / 7976% in the range of 0.5 / 2, respectively, and the determination coefficients were 0. 756 and 0. 756 respectively. The modified CALINE4 model can be used to simulate CO diffusion on open roads in Shenzhen, and can be applied to the analysis of atmospheric environmental impact of road traffic pollution sources. But the diffusion energy of NO2 is well simulated. The simulation of PM10 in Shenzhen by using CALINE4 model needs further study. Through the model of OSPM model in the canyon road of Shenzhen city, we need to study the model of OSPM model. The quasi value and the measured value are verified and analyzed. The results show that the ratio of simulated value to measured value is 83% in the range of 0. 5 ~ 2), and the coefficient of determination is 0. 264. OSPM model can simulate NO2 in a certain range. The principle and application method of CALINE4OSPM model are analyzed in the application of the model. The influence of the accurate input of each parameter on the accuracy of the model prediction results is discussed, which provides a theoretical basis for the model revision. This paper explores the introduction and prediction effect of the model in the small area of Shenzhen. The results of the study can be used as a powerful tool for the relevant departments to understand the air pollution in traffic roads in Shenzhen and its influencing factors, and to formulate the countermeasures for air pollution control on traffic roads. It has good scientific research use and practical value.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X734.2

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